Preemption

Webster's Dictionary of the English Language

·noun The act or right of purchasing before others.

II. Preemption ·noun The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others.

III. Preemption ·noun The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other applicants.