There are five instances of a census of the Jewish people having been taken.
1) In the fourth month after the Exodus, when the people were encamped at Sinai. The number of men from twenty years old and upward was then 603,550 (Ex. 38:26).
2) Another census was made just before the entrance into Canaan, when the number was found to be 601,730, showing thus a small decrease (Num. 26:51).
3) The next census was in the time of David, when the number, exclusive of the tribes of Levi and Benjamin, was found to be 1,300,000 (2 Sam. 24:9; 1 Chr. 21:5).
4) Solomon made a census of the foreigners in the land, and found 153,600 able-bodied workmen (2 Chr. 2:17, 18).
5) After the return from Exile the whole congregation of Israel was numbered, and found to amount to 42,360 (Ezra 2:64). A census was made by the Roman government in the time of our Lord (Luke 2:1). (See Taxing.)
A New Latin Dictionary by Charlton T. Lewis Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL. D.
In the United States, an enumeration of the inhabitants of all the States, taken by order of Congres...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.