ad-sum (Ribbeck has written assum in Novius by conj. from suum of the MSS., Com. Trag. p. 262; in Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 67, adsum must be pronounced assum, as the pun on the word requires, Roby, I. p. 49), adfui (affui, Merkel, L. Müller), adesse, v. n. (arfui = adfui, S. C. de Bacch.; arf = adfuerunt, ib.; arfuise = adfuisse, ib.; v. ad init.; adsiem = adsim, Verg. Cat. 5, 6 (dicam, Rib.): adsiet, Cato R. R. 141, 4; Plaut. As. 2, 4, 9; Ter. Ad. 619: adsient, id. Phorm. 313: adfore now and then takes the place of adfuturus esse, and adforem of adessem, which is written with one s, adesent, in S. C. de Bacch.), to be at or near a person or place, to be somewhere, to be present (opp. absum, to be distant, removed, absent).
I Lit.
α Absol. : visus Homerus adesse poëta, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 16, 51 (Ann. v. 6 Vahl.), imitated by Verg. A. 2, 271, and Ov. M. 7, 635; v. below: Hegio adsum; si quid me vis, impera, Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 1; so id. Truc. 2, 6, 33; 4, 3, 52: quasi adfuerim simulabo, id. Am. 1, 1, 45. —
β With adv. or adj.: etsi abest, hic adesse erum Arbitror, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 11: Philolaches jam hic aderit, id. Most. 5, 1, 29; and id. Ps. 1, 2, 48: quod adest praesto, Lucr. 5, 1412: ut quasi coram adesse videare, cum scribo aliquid ad te, Cic. Fam. 15, 16; id. Att. 5, 18, 3; Verg. A. 1, 595: non quia ades praesens dico hoc, Ter. Ad. 393.—
γ With prepp. : ad exercitum, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6: in tabernaculo, id. ib. 1, 1, 269: adsum apud te, id. Poen. 1, 2, 67: mulier ad eam rem divinam ne adsit, Cato R. R. 83: ad portam, Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57: ante oculos maestissimus Hector Visus adesse mihi, Verg. A. 2, 271: ante oculos eadem mihi quercus adesse ... visa est, Ov. M. 7, 635. —
δ With dat.: adsum praesens praesenti tibi, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27: DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT. S. C. de Bacch. (see Append. to this dictionary): portis, Verg. A. 2, 330: senatui, Tac. A. 4, 55: convivio, Suet. Tib. 61 fin. : quaestioni, id. ib. 62: pugnae. id. Oth. 9.
II Trop.
A Of time, to be present , be at hand : dum tempestates adsunt, Lucr. 1, 178: Vesper adest, Cat. 62, 1: jamque dies aderit, Ov. M. 3, 519; 9, 285; 12, 150: aderat judicio dies, Liv. 3, 12: cum jam partus adesset, Ov. M. 9, 674.—
B Of other abstr. things, to be present , to be at hand (incorrectly made syn. with the simple esse).
α Absol. : nunc adest occasio benefacta cumulare, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas, id. Men. prol. 16: omnia adsunt bona, quem penes est virtus, id. Am. 2, 2, 21: ut tranquillitas animi et securitas adsit, Cic. Off. 1, 20: tanti aderant morbi vesicae et viscerum, ut, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 30.—
β With dat.: hominum quīs pudor paulum adest, Ter. And. 630: vigilantibus hinc aderant solacia somni, Lucr. 5, 1405: vis ad resistendum nulli aderat, Vell. 2, 61; 2, 21: vim adfore verbo Crediderat, Verg. A. 10, 547: tantus decor adfuit arti, Ov. M. 6, 18: simplicitas puerilibus adfuit annis, id. ib. 5, 400: quantus adest equis Sudor, Hor. C. 1, 15, 9: uti mox Nulla fides damnis adsit, id. Ep. 1, 17, 57: quousque patieris, Caesar, non adesse caput reipublicae? to be in his place , to be present , Tac. A. 1, 13 et saep.—
C Animo or animis, to be present in mind , with attention , interest , sympathy; also, with courage (cf. animus); to give attention to something, to give heed , observe , attend to; also, to be fearless , be of good courage : ut intellegeretis eum non adfuisse animo, oum ab illis causa ageretur, Cic. Caecin. 10 fin. : adestote omnes animis, qui adestis corporibus, id. Sull. 11, 33; id. Phil. 8, 10, 30 (cf. Ter. And. 24, and Phorm. prol. 30: adeste aequo animo): quam ob rem adeste animis, judices, et timorem, si quem habetis, deponite, Cic. Mil. 2, 4: ades animo et omitte timorem, id. Rep. 6, 10 fin. —
D Poet., to be present with one, to be associated with , to attend : Tu ducibus Latiis aderis, cum laeta Triumphum Vox canet, Ov. M. 1, 560; of the cypress: aderis dolentibus, id. ib. 10, 142. —
E To be present with one's aid or support; to stand by , to assist , aid , help , protect , defend , sustain (esp. freq. of advocati; cf. absum): ibo ad forum atque aliquot mihi amicos advocabo, ad hanc rem qui adsient, Ter. Phorm. 312; id. Eun. 764: omnes enim hi, quos videtis adesse in hac causa, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29; id. Sull. 29; id. Phil. 2, 37, 95; Quint. 1, 4; 8, 30 et saep.: ego tamen tuis rebus sic adero ut difficillimis, Cic. Fam. 6, 14 fin. ; so id. Att. 1, 1: Camulogenus suis aderat atque eos cohortabatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 62: dictator intercessioni adero, Liv. 6, 38: cui sententiae adest Dicaearchus, Plin. 2, 65, 65, 162: Aderam Arrionillae, Timonis uxori, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5; 2, 11, 2: quod ille adversus privatum se intemperantius adfuisset, had taken part , Suet. Claud. 38 Bremi.—With inf.: non Teucros delere aderam, Sil. 9, 532; so of a protecting, aiding divinity, esp. in invocations, adsis, adsit, etc.: adsis, o Tegeaee, favens, Verg. G. 1, 18; id. A. 4, 578: adsis, o Cytherea, id. Cat. 6, 11: ades, Dea, muneris auctor, Ov. M. 10, 673; so, Huc ades, Tib. 1, 7, 49: di omnes nemorum, adeste, Ov. M. 7, 198: nostris querelis adsint (dii), Liv. 3, 25: frugumque aderit mea Delia custos, Tib. 1, 5, 21: si vocata partubus Lucina veris adfuit, Hor. Epod. 5, 6: origini Romanae et deos adfuisse et non defuturam virtutem, Liv. 1, 9; 5, 51 al.— To be present as a witness: (testes) adsunt cum adversariis, Cic. Fl. 23; promissi testis adesto, Ov. M. 2, 45; hence the t. t. scribendo adesse, to be present as a witness to some writing or contract (usually placed at the beginning of the writing), S. C. de Bacch. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 and 6 al.—
F Involving the idea of motion, to come , to appear (most freq. in post-Aug. prose): adsum atque advenio Acherunte, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; jam ego hic adero, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 7; Ter. And. 715; id. Heaut. 505; id. Eun. 811: hi ex Africa jam adfuturi videntur, Cic. Att. 11, 15: Hymen ades o Hymenaee, Cat. 62, 5: Galli per dumos aderant, Verg. A. 8, 657; 11, 100: huc ades, o formose puer, id. E. 2, 45; 7, 9; Ov. M. 8, 598; 2, 513 (cf. also adesdum): ecce Arcas adest, appears , is arrived , id. ib. 2, 497; so 3, 102; 528; 4, 692; 5, 46; 8, 418; 9, 200, 304, 363, 760; 11, 349; 12, 341; 13, 73, 82, 662, 906: adfore tempus, quo, etc., id. ib. 1, 256; cum hostes adessent, i. e. appropinquarent, Liv. 2, 10: truci clamore aderant semisomnos in barbaros, Tac. A. 4, 25: infensi adesse et instare, Sall. J. 50: quod serius adfuisset, Suet. Aug. 94 al.—In App. with acc.: cubiculum adero, Met. 2, p. 119 Elm.: scopulum aderunt, ib. 5, p. 160.—
G As judicial t. t., to appear before a tribunal: C. Verrem altera actione responsurum non esse, neque ad judicium adfuturum ... quod iste certe statuerat non adesse, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1: augures adsunt, id. Dom. 34: augurem adesse jusserunt, Vell. 2, 10; cf. Brisson. de Form. V. p. 446.—
H Of the senate, to attend , to convene : edixit ut adesset senatus frequens a. d. viii. Kal. Decembris, Cic. Phil. 3, 19: ne sine causa videretur edixisse, ut senatus adcsset, id. ib. 24.