adversus (archaic advor-), a, um,
I , P. a. of adverto, turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward , standing over against , opposite , before , in front of (opp. aversus).
A In gen.: solem adversum intueri, Cic. Somn. Scip. 5: Iris ... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218: antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia, Cic. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth ) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54: quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating , id. ib. 2, 24: L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur, in front , Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back ), Cic. Har. Resp. 19: adversis vulneribus, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4: judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere, Cic. de Or. 2, 28: cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas, id. Verr. 5, 3: impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt, ascend the hill in front , Sall. J. 52: adversa signa, Liv. 30, 8: legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant, i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy , Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him ) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48: armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes, Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205: qui timet his adversa, the opposite of this , id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al.—Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream , against the stream : in adversum flumen contendere, Lucr. 4, 423: adverso feruntur flumine, id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201: adverso amne, Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33; adverso Tiberi subvehi, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream , with the stream : rate in secundam aquam labente, Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds , contrary winds , consequently unfavorable , adverse : navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti, Caes. B. C. 3, 107.—Subst.: adversum , i, the opposite : hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens , i. e. blows against them , Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). —Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to , over against , ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου: portus ex adverso urbi positus, Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.: Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case: cum ex adverso starent classes, Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; id. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side , against : et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus, against each other , Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237; in adversum Romani subiere, Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—
B In hostile opposition to , adverse to , unfavorable , unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50: hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1: advorsus nemini, Ter. And. 64: mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae, Cic. Sull. 10: acclamatio, id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16: adversis auspiciis, Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6: adversum omen, Suet. Vit. 8: adversissima auspicia, id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune , calamity , adverse fortune : ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est, Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.: adversi casus, Nep. Dat. 5: adversae rerum undae, a sea of troubles , Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Caes. B. C. 3, 107): quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis? Liv. 6, 40: adversus annus frugibus, id. 4, 12: valetudo adversa, i. e. sickness , id. 10, 32: adversum proelium, an unsuccessful engagement , id. 7, 29; cf. 8, 31: adverso rumore esse, to be in bad repute , to have a bad reputation , Tac. Ann. 14, 11: adversa subsellia, on which the opposition sit , Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to , hated , hateful , odious : quīs omnia regna advorsa sint, Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp. : neque est aliud adversius, Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—*
IV Adv.: adversē , self-contradictorily , Gell. 3, 16.—
V adversum , i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune , calamity , disaster , adversity , evil , mischief : advorsa ejus per te tecta sient, Ter. Hec. 388: nihil adversi, Cic. Brut. 1, 4: si quid adversi accidisset, Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13: secunda felices, adversa magnos probant, Plin. Pan. 31; esp. freq. in Tac. : prospera et adversa pop. Rom., A. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum, id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.—
VI Subst.: adversus , i, m., an opponent , adversary (rare): multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo, Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once adversa , ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary : natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—
C In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus , e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.