barbărĭa, ae (poet., or in post-Aug. prose barbărĭes, acc. -em; so once in Cic. Brut. 74, 258), f. [barbarus].
I Lit., a foreign country , in opposition to Greece or Rome.
A In gen.: a quo (philosopho) non solum Graecia et Italia, sed etiam omnis barbaria commota est, Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 49; 5, 4, 11; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf.: non solum cum exercitu suo, sed etiam cum omni inmanitate barbariae bellum inferre nobis. id. Phil. 5, 13, 37; 13, 8, 18: quid tibi barbariem. gentes ab utroque jacentes Oceano numerem? Ov. M. 15, 829: in mediā vivere barbarie, id. Tr. 3, 10, 4; Luc. 8, 812; Just. 9, 5, 7 al.—
B Esp., of a particular country, aside from Greece or Rome. Thus (in the mouth of a Greek), of Italy , as opp. to Greece (only in Plaut.), Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 21; id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. vapula, p. 278. —Of Persia : Themistoclem non in Graeciae portus, sed in barbariae sinus confugisse, Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5.—Of Phrygia : Graecia barbariae lento collisa duello, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 7.—Of Gaul , in opp. to Rome, Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—Of Scythia and Britain , Cic. N. D. 2, 34, 88; in gen.: quae barbaria Indiā vastior aut agrestior? id. Tusc. 5, 27, 77 al.—
II Meton., mental or moral barbarism , according to the notion of the ancients.
A Rudeness , rusticity , stupidity : barbaria forensis, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 118: grandis, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 4.—Hence of barbarism in language : omnes tum fere, qui nec extra urbem hanc vixerant, nec eos aliqua barbaries domestica infuscaverat, recte loquebantur, Cic. Brut. 74, 258.—And of faulty reading, Petr. 68, 5.—
B Savageness , barbarousness , rudeness , uncivilized manners : inveterata barbaria, Cic. Balb. 19, 43: ferum et immane facinus, quod nulla barbaria posset agnoscere, id. Phil. 14, 3, 8: ista vero quae et quanta barbaria est, id. ib. 2, 42, 108; 11, 2, 6: tanta barbaries (Sarmatorum) est, ut pacem non intellegant, Flor. 4, 12, 20; Just. 43, 4, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 69; Petr. 68.—
C = barbari: quale bellum nulla umquam barbaria cum suā gente gessit, Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25; cf.: hoc poëtae nomen, quod nulla umquam barbaria violavit, id. Arch. 8, 19.