castīgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [castum-ago, as purgo = purum-ago],
I to set right by word or deed , to correct , chastise , punish; to blame , reprove , chide , censure , find fault with (syn.: animadvertere, punire; more forcible than reprehendere and vituperare; weaker than culpare; class. in prose and poetry): pueros non verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64; so, verberibus, Plin. 8, 3, 3, § 6; cf. Liv. 26, 27, 8; Curt. 8, 6, 5: magnā clade, Liv. 39, 1, 4: baculo, Front. Strat. 1, 1, 3: quo saepius (magister) monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit, Quint. 2, 2, 5: laudat Pompeius... segniores castigat atque incitat, Caes. B. C. 1, 3; so opp. laudare, Liv. 27, 8, 18; Tac. Agr. 21: castigando increpandoque plus quam leniter agendo, proficere, Liv. 27, 9, 8: servos exuviis bubulis, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 26: aliquem dictis plurumis, id. Bacch. 4, 8, 67; Verg. A. 5, 387: verbis, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88; Liv. 36, 20, 4: litteris, Caes. B. C. 3, 25: per litteras, Tac. A. 3, 35: leniter, Liv. 30, 15, 10; 36, 31, 8: vehementissime, Petr. 109, 1: in hoc me ipse castigo quod, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 4: segnitiem hominum atque inertiam, id. de Or. 1, 41, 184; Liv. 31, 6, 5: nimiam lenitatem, id. 39, 55, 1: moras, Verg. A. 4, 407: dolos, id. ib. 6, 567: vitia, Juv. 2, 35; Vulg. Psa. 117, 18; id. Heb. 12, 6 al.—
II Esp.
A To correct some error , to set right , mend (poet. or in post-Aug. prose) ( = corrigere, emendare): carmen, * Hor. A. P. 294: amicae verba, Juv. 6, 455: examen improbum in trutină, Pers. 1, 6: vitia sua, Plin. Pan. 46, 6.—
B To hold in check , to restrain; lit. and trop. (rare for the more usu. coërcere, cohibere, etc.): quid illum credis facturum, nisi eum ... servas, castigas, mones? Ter. Heaut. 592: equum tenacem, non parentem frenis asperioribus castigare, Liv. 39, 25, 13; Tac. A. 6, 13: castigatus animi dolor, Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50: risum crebris potiunculis, Petr. 47, 7: lapsus, Stat. Th. 6, 700; cf. under P. a.—Hence,
b Of relations of space, to enclose , surround , encompass , confine , shut in : insula castigatur aquis, Sil. 12, 355.— Hence, castīgātus , a, um, P. a. (poet. or in post-Aug. prose), confined , compressed; hence,
1 As a designation of physical beauty, small , slender , close : pectus, Ov. Am. 1, 5, 21: frons, Stat. S. 2, 1, 43.—
2 Trop., restrained , checked : luxuria tanto castigatior, quanto posset esse liberior, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 24: castigatissima disciplina, the strictest , Gell. 4, 20, 1 Hertz (Cod. Reg. castissima).—Adv.: castīgātē .
a (Acc. to castigatus, 1.) Compressedly , briefly : castigatius, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6: castigatius eloqui, Aug. Doctr. Christ. 4, 14.—
b (Acc. to 2.) Restrainedly , within bounds : vixit modeste, castigate, etc., Sen. Contr. 6, 8: vivere, Amm. 22, 3, 12.