circum-do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre, v. a., lit. to put, set, or place around, i. e. both to wrap around (e. g. a mantle). and also to enclose (e. g. a town with a wall; syn.: cingo, vestio, saepio, circumvallo al.), with a twofold construction (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 418).
I Aliquid (alicui rei), to place something around something , to put , set around , etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
α With dat.: aër omnibus est rebus circumdatus appositusque, Lucr. 6, 1035: moenibus subjectos prope jam ignes circumdatosque restinximus, Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2: circumdare fossam latam cubiculari lecto, id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: satellites armatos contioni, Liv. 34, 27, 5: hinc patre hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis, Romam rediit, i. e. one on each side , id. 30, 19, 9; 3, 28, 2: milites sibi, Tac. A. 13, 25: arma umeris, Verg. A. 2, 510: licia tibi, id. E. 8, 74: vincula collo, Ov. M. 1, 631: bracchia collo, id. ib. 9, 459; 9, 605; 6, 479; and in tmesis: collo dare bracchia circum, Verg. A. 6, 700 (cf. the simplex: bracchia cervici dare, Hor. C. 3, 9, 3): lectis aulaea purpura, Curt. 9, 7, 15: cum maxime in hostiam itineri nostro circumdatam intuens, i. e. divided , and part placed on each side of the way , Liv. 40, 13, 4.—
β Without a dat.: caedere januam saxis, ligna et sarmenta circumdare ignemque subicere coeperunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69; 2, 1, 31, § 80: ignes, id. Pis. 38, 93: custodias, id. Cat. 4, 4, 8: armata circumdatur Romana legio, Liv. 1, 28, 3: exercitu circumdato summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur, Sall. J. 25, 9: circumdatae stationes, Tac. A. 1, 50: murus circumdatus, Caes. B. G. 1, 38: turris toto opere circumdedit, id. ib. 7, 72: circumdato vallo, Curt. 3, 2, 2: lauream (sc. capiti), Suet. Vit. 9.—Subst.: circumdăti , ōrum, m., those around , the surrounding soldiers : circumdatos Antonius adloquitur, Tac. H. 3, 63.—With an abl. loci: toto oppido munitiones, Hirt. B. G. 8, 34 fin. : equites cornibus, Liv. 33, 18, 9; and without dat., Tac. A. 14, 53.—With two accs. : circumdare terram radices, Cato R. R. 114; and per tmesin, id. ib. 157.—
B Trop. (most freq. in Tac.): cancelli, quos mihi ipse circumdedi, Cic. Quint. 10, 36: nescio an majora vincula majoresque necessitates vobis quam captivis vestris fortuna circumdederit, Liv. 21, 43, 3: egregiam famam paci circumdedit, i. e. conferred , imparted , Tac. Agr. 20; cf.: principatus inanem ei famam, id. H. 4, 11; id. Or. 37: principi ministeria, id. H. 2, 59; id. A. 14, 15.—In a Greek construction: infula virgineos circumdata comptus, encompassing , Lucr. 1, 88; Tac. H. 4, 45; id. A. 16, 25.—
II Aliquem or aliquid (aliquā re), to surround some person or thing ( with something ), to encompass , enclose , encircle with.
A Lit.
1 In gen.: animum (deus) circumdedit corpore et vestivit extrinsecus, Cic. Univ. 6 fin. ; cf.: aether corpore concreto circumdatus undique, Lucr. 5, 469: portum moenibus, Nep. Them. 6, 1: regio insulis circumdata, Cic. Fl. 12, 27: villam statione, Tac. A. 14, 8: suam domum spatio, id. G. 16: collis operibus, id. A. 6, 41: vallo castra, id. H. 4, 57: Othonem vexillis, id. ib. 1, 36: canibus saltus, Verg. E. 10, 57: circumdato me bracchiis: meum collum circumplecte, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 106: collum filo, Cat. 64, 377: (aurum) circumdatum argento, Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134: furvis circumdatus alis Somnus, * Tib. 2, 1, 89: ad talos stola demissa et circumdata palla, Hor. S. 1, 2, 99: circumdedit se zonā, Suet. Vit. 16: circumdata corpus amictu, Ov. M. 4, 313; cf. id. ib. 3, 666: tempora vittis, id. ib. 13, 643: Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo, Verg. A. 4, 137.—
2 Esp. of a hostile surrounding, to surround , encompass , invest , besiege , etc.: oppidum vallo et fossā, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 10: oppidum quinis castris, Caes. B. C. 3, 9: cum legati ... multitudine domum ejus circumdedissent, Nep. Hann. 12, 4: vallo atque fossā moenia circumdat, Sall. J. 23, 1: oppidum coronā, Liv. 4, 47, 5: quos (hostes) primo Camillus vallo circumdare est adortus, id. 6, 8, 9: fossā valloque urbem, id. 25, 22, 8: fossā duplicique vallo circumdatā urbe, id. 28, 3, 5: hostes exercitu toto, Curt. 3, 8, 4. —
B Trop.: omni autem totam figuram mundi levitate circumdedit, Cic. Univ. 6 init. : exiguis quibusdam finibus oratoris munus circumdedisti, have confined , circumscribed , id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.: minus octoginta annis circumdatum aevum, Vell. 1, 17, 2: pueritiam robore, Tac. A. 12, 25: fraude, Sil. 7, 134; cf. id. 12, 477: monstrorum novitate, Quint. Decl. 18, 1.