con-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a.
I To pour, mingle , or mix together (class. in prose and poetry).
A Prop.: unā multa jura (cocos), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120; cf.: jus confusum sectis herbis, Hor. S. 2, 4, 67: (venenum) in poculo, cum ita confusum esset ut secerni nullo modo posset, Cic. Clu. 62, 173; Dig. 6, 1, 3, § 2: cum ignis oculorum cum eo igne, qui est ob os offusus, se confudit et contulit, Cic. Univ. 14: cumque tuis lacrimis lacrimas confundere nostras, Ov. H. 2, 95: confundere crebroque permiscere mel, acetum, oleum, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50: omnia arenti ramo (Medea), Ov. M. 7, 278: (Alpheus) Siculis confunditur undis, mingles , Verg. A. 3, 696: mixtum flumini subibat mare, Curt. 9, 9, 7: (cornua cervi contrita) pulvereae confusa farinae, Ov. Med. Fac. 61: aes auro, Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5.—
B Meton.
1 In gen., to mingle, unite, join, combine (rare): (decorum) totum illud quidem est cum virtute confusum, sed mente cogitatione distinguitur, Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95; so, vera cum falsis, id. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 19, 61: est id quidem in totam orationem confundendum, id. de Or. 2, 79, 322: vis quaedam sentiens quae est toto confusa mundo, id. Div. 1, 52, 118: sermones in unum, Liv. 7, 12, 14; cf. id. 40, 46, 13: duo populi in unum confusi, id. 1, 23, 2: diversum confusa genus panthera camelo ( = camelopardalis, the giraffe ), Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195: rusticus urbano confusus, id. A. P. 213; cf.: quinque continuos dactylos, Quint. 9, 4, 49: subjecta sibi vocalis in unum sonum coalescere et confundi nequiret, id. 1, 7, 26.—Of bringing together in speech: cuperem equidem utrumque (una dijudicare), sed est difficile confundere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23; cf. id. Brut. 26, 100.—Poet.: proelia cum aliquo, Hor. C. 1, 17, 23 al.—More freq.,
2 Esp., with the idea of confounding, disarranging, to confound, confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder : an tu haec ita confundis et perturbas, ut quicumque velit, quod velit, quo modo velit possit dedicare? Cic. Dom. 49, 127: omnis corporis atque animi sensus, Lucr. 2, 946; cf. id. 2, 439: aëra per multum confundi verba necesse'st Et conturbari vocem, id. 4, 558: confusa venit vox inque pedita, id. 4, 562 sq.: censeo omnis in oratione esse quasi permixtos et confusos pedes, Cic. Or. 57, 195: particulae primum confusae postea in ordinem adductae a mente divinā, id. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 37, 118: signa et ordines peditum atque equitum, Liv. 9, 27, 10: jura gentium, id. 4, 1, 2: priora, Quint. 10, 5, 23: ordinem disciplinae, Tac. H. 1, 60; cf.: ordinem militiae, id. ib. 2, 93: lusum, Suet. Claud. 33: annum (together with conturbare), id. Aug. 31 et saep.: foedus, to violate (συγχέειν, Hom. Il. 4, 269), Verg. A. 5, 496; 12, 290: summa imis, Curt. 8, 8, 8: imperium, promissa, preces confundit in unum, mingles together , Ov. M. 4, 472: jura et nomina, id. ib. 10, 346: fasque nefasque, id. ib. 6, 585: in chaos, id. ib. 2, 299: mare caelo, Juv. 6, 283 (cf.: caelum terris miscere, id. 2, 25): ora fractis in ossibus, i. e. to disfigure the features, make them undistinguishable , Ov. M. 5, 58; Sen. Troad. 1117; cf.: omnia corporis lineamenta, Petr. 105, 10; Just. 3, 5, 11; and vultus, Luc. 2, 191; 3, 758; Stat. Th. 2, 232: oris notas, Curt. 8, 3, 13: si irruptione fluminis fines agri confudit inundatio, Dig. 19, 2, 31: ossa Non agnoscendo confusa reliquit in ore, Ov. M. 12, 251: vultum Lunae, to cloud, obscure , id. ib. 14, 367.—Of disordered health: neque apparet, quod corpus confuderit, Cels. 3, 5, 3.—
b Trop., of intellectual confusion, to disturb, disconcert, confound, perplex (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.): audientium animos, etc., Liv. 45, 42, 1; 34, 50, 1: cum confusa memoria esset, id. 5, 50, 6: nos (fulmina), Quint. 8, 3, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 2: me gravi dolore (nuntius), id. ib. 5, 5, 1; Quint. 1, 12, 1: intellectum, Plin. 21, 18, 70, § 117: inmitem animum imagine tristi, Tac. H. 1, 44: Alexander pudore confusus, Curt. 7, 7, 23: illum ingens confundit honos inopinaque turbat gloria, Stat. Th. 8, 283; Juv. 7, 68: diligentiam monitoris confundit multitudo, Col. 1, 9, 7.—
II To diffuse, suffuse, spread over (rare).
A Prop.: cibus in eam venam, quae cava appellatur, confunditur, diffuses itself , Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137: vinum in ea (vasa), Col. 12, 28 fin. : cruorem in fossam, Hor. S. 1, 8, 28.—
2 Poet., to throw in great numbers : tela per foramina muri, Sil. 14, 333.—
B Trop.: aliquid in totam orationem, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322: vim quandam sentientem atque divinam, quae toto confusa mundo sit, id. Div. 2, 15, 35: rosa ingenuo confusa rubore, suffused with , etc., Col. poët. 10, 260.
XI —Hence, confūsus , a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2.), brought into disorder, confused, perplexed, disorderly (class. in prose and poetry): ruina mundi, Lucr. 6, 607; cf. natura, id. 6, 600: vox, id. 4, 562; 4, 613; cf.: oratio confusa, perturbata, Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 50: stilus, Quint. 1, 1, 28: verba, Ov. M. 2, 666; 12, 55; 15, 606: suffragium, Liv. 26, 18, 9 Drak. ad loc. (cf.: confusio suffragiorum, Cic. Mur. 23, 47): confusissimus mos, Suet. Aug. 44: clamor, Liv. 30, 6, 2.—With abl.: ipse confusus animo, Liv. 6, 6, 7; cf. id. 35, 35, 18: maerore, id. 35, 15, 9: eodem metu, Quint. 1, 10, 48: somnio, Suet. Caes. 7: irā, pudore, Curt. 7, 7, 23; cf. Ov. H. 21, 111; id. Tr. 3, 1, 81: fletu, Petr. 134, 6: turbā querelarum, Just. 32, 2, 3 al.: ex recenti morsu animi, Liv. 6, 34, 8.— Absol. : Masinissa ex praetorio in tabernaculum suum confusus concessit, Liv. 30, 15, 2: nunc onusti cibo et vino perturbata et confusa cernimus, Cic. Div. 1, 29, 60; Petr. 74, 10; 91, 1 al.: confusus atque incertus animi, Liv. 1, 7, 6: rediit confuso voltu, id. 41, 15, 1; Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 11: ore confuso, Curt. 6, 7, 18; cf.: confusior facies, Tac. A. 4, 63: pavor confusior, Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 5.— Hence, confūsē , adv., confusedly, without order, disorderly (several times in Cic.; elsewh. rare; not in Quint.): confuse et permiste dispergere aliquid, Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49: loqui, id. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: confuse varieque sententias dicere, Gell. 14, 2, 17: agere, Cic. N. D. 3, 8, 19: utraque res conjuncte et confuse comparata est, Auct. her. 4, 47, 60: universis mancipiis constitutum pretium, in the lump , Dig. 21, 1, 36.—* Comp. : confusius acta res est, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1.— Sup. not in use.