cŭpĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 3 (imperf. subj. cŭpīret, Lucr. 1, 72; quoted ap. Non. p. 506 fin., and ap. Prisc. p. 879 P.), v. a. [Sanscr kup, to be in active motion, to be angry; cf. recupero], to long for a thing, to desire, wish (designating a natural, involuntary inclination, or an unbridled or passionate desire, while volo indicates an energetic will, and opto a deliberate wish or choice, Cic. Mil. 12, 32; Sen. Ep. 116, 2; cf. Klotz in Jahn's Neues Jahrb. 1834, II. p. 119 sq.; freq. in every per. and species of composition); constr. with acc., inf., acc. and inf., acc. and part., ut, ne, the gen., or absol.
I In gen.
A Lit., of persons.
α With acc.: quid istuc tam cupide cupis? Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 49: nec bonum illud esse, quod cupias ardenter, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39: nuptias, Ter. Heaut. 885: cupere eadem, eadem odisse, Sall. J. 31, 14: domum alius, alius agros, id. C. 11. 4: novas res, id. J. 70, 1: quanto plura parasti, Tanto plura cupis, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 148: (magistratus, imperia, etc.) minime mihi hac tempestate cupienda videntur, Sall. J. 3, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 66 et saep.—In part. perf. : corde cupitus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41: cupitus atque exspectatus, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 104: Mars videt hanc visamque cupit potiturque cupitā, Ov. F. 3, 21: cupitus aetatis flos, Lucr. 3, 770; 5, 847: cujus rei semper cupitae, Liv. 26, 7, 3; Tac. A. 4, 3 et saep.: tandem huic cupitum contigit, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 116; so in neutr. , Liv. 3, 37, 7; Tac. A. 6, 32; 14, 2 al.—
β With inf. (so most freq.): emori cupio, Ter. Heaut. 971: vitam mutare, Lucr. 5, 170; 1, 71: te celare de phaleris, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29: audire cupio, id. Caecin. 12, 33: diem consumere, id. Att. 4, 2, 4: operam navare, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin. : proelium facere, Sall. J. 57, 4 et saep.: cum nostri quid sine imperatore efficere possent perspici cuperent, Caes. B. G. 3, 21.—
γ With acc. and inf.: te tuā frui virtute cupimus, Cic. Brut. 97, 331; id. Fam. 1, 2, 2: cupio me esse clementem; cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri, id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf. Haase ad Reisig, Lect. p. 790: (Pausanias) se tecum affinitate conjungi cupit, Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—*
δ With acc. and part.: Cu. Quis nominat me? Ph. Qui te conventum cupit. Cu. Hau me magis cupis, quam te ego cupio, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 25.—
ε With ut : cupio ut impetret, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 34: quin etiam necesse erit cupere et optare, ut peccet, etc., Cic. Lael. 16, 59: responsum est mihi cupere quidem universos ut a me rationes coloniae legerentur, Plin. Ep. 10, 47 (56), 1. —
ζ With ne : cupio, ne ... habeant, Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 6; cf. Ov. H. 6, 6.—
η With subj. alone: cupio te quoque sub idem tempus Campania tua remittat, Plin. Ep. 5, 14 (15), 9.—
θ Absol. : ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro, Ter. Eun. 813: qui cupit aut metuit, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 51; so with metuo, id. ib. 1, 6, 12; 1, 16, 65; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185; 1, 1, 2: cohortatus suos, omnibus cupientibus ad hostium castra contendit, Caes. B. G. 3, 24; cf. id. ib. 3, 19 et saep.—
κ With gen.: pol quamquam domi cupio, opperiar, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 23 Brix ad loc.; cf. P. a. α infra. —With gen. pers. : quae (puellae) cupiunt tui, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17; cf.: jam dudum vestri cupiunt Lucrina tacita, Symm. Ep. 1, 8 init. —
B Transf., of things: asperiora vina rigari utique cupiunt, Plin. 17, 26, 41, § 250.—
II Pregn., to be well disposed, be favorable or inclined to one, to favor, to wish well, to be interested for , etc.: favere et cupere Helvetiis propter eam affinitatem, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; cf.: quid ego Fundanio non cupio? Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: ipsi Glycerio, Ter. And. 905: cui maxime, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 4: cujus causā omnia cum cupio, tum mehercule etiam debeo, Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 1; cf.: causam mihi tradidit, quem suā causā cupere ac debere intellegebat, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: vehementer ejus causā, id. Fam. 13, 64, 1: qui istius causā cupiunt omnia, qui ab eo benignissime tractati sunt, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21 Halm ad loc.—Hence the phrase cupio omnia quaevis, your wishes are mine; cf. the Engl., I am entirely at your service , Hor. S. 1, 9, 5.
XIV —Hence, cŭpĭens , entis, P. a., desiring, desirous, longing, eager for something (mostly ante- class. and post-Aug.; most freq. in Plaut. and Tac.).
α With gen.: corporis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 7: nuptiarum, id. ib. 4, 4, 29: tui (tua amica), id. ib. 4, 2, 58: liberorum, Tac. A. 16, 6: novarum rerum, id. ib. 15, 46: bonarum artium, id. ib. 6, 46: voluptatum, id. ib. 14, 14: erogandae pecuniae, id. ib. 1, 75.— Comp. , Aur. Vict. Caes. 24.— Sup. : cupientissimus legis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Diom. p. 291 P.—
β Absol. : ut quibusque bellum invitis aut cupientibus erat, Tac. A. 1, 59.— Sup. : Marius cupientissimā plebe consul factus, Sall. J. 84, 1.— Adv.: cŭpĭenter , desirously, earnestly, eagerly , = cupide (only ante-class.): cupienter cupere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 91, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 337 Vahl.): discerpere membra, Att. ib. p. 91, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 543 Rib.): petere, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 17.