hēres (ēres, Inscr. Orell. 188 al.), ēdis (archaic acc. sing. herem, Naev. ap. Non. 486, 33; Inscr. Orell. 4379; cf. the art. ‡ herem), comm. [Sanscr. har-āmi, seize; har-anam, hand; Gr. χείρ, χέρης; cf. erus], an heir, heiress.
I Lit.: testamento facto mulier moritur: facit heredem ex deunce et semuncia Caecinam, ex duabus sextulis M. Fulcinium, Cic. Caecin. 6, 17; cf.: me nemo nisi amicus fecit heredem, etc. ... aliquem palam heredem factitare, id. Phil. 2, 16, 41: mulier testamento fecit heredem filiam, id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111; id. Mil. 18, 48; cf. id. Rep. 3, 10, 17; Ov. H. 9, 110; Dig. 37, 7, 2; 37, 7, 9; Ven. Fort. Carm. 8, 6, 44: in testamento Ptolemaei patris heredes erant scripti ex duobus filiis major, et ex duabus ea, quae aetate antecedebat, Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 3: scripserunt heredes secum M. Crassum et Q. Hortensium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 73: aliquem heredem testamento relinquere, id. Quint. 4, 14: relictus ab eo in amplis opibus heres, Plin. 9, 35, 59, § 122: aliquem heredem instituere, Cic. Clu. 7, 22; Quint. 8, 5, 17; cf.: per leges institui uxor non poterat heres, id. 9, 2, 74: instituto herede abdicato, id. 3, 6, 97: substitutus heres erat, id. 7, 6, 10: virgo Vestalis neque heres est cuiquam, etc., Labeo ap. Gell. 1, 12, 18: substituere heredem, Dig. 28, 6, 1: heres ex parte dimidia et tertia est Capito: in sextante sunt ii, quorum, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2: ex asse heres, sole heir , Quint. 7, 1, 20; so, heres ex parte sexta, Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 6: ex dodrante, Suet. Caes. 83: (L. Mescinius) heres est M. Mindio fratri suo, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2; so, cur virgini Vestali sit heres, non sit matri suae? id. Rep. 3, 10; cf.: quem suis bonis heredem esse cupiebat, id. Caecin. 4, 12; and: atque meis bonis omnibus ego te herem faciam, Naev. ap. Non. 486, 33; for which: quem quis heredem suum esse voluit, Quint. 5, 10, 74: repentinus heres, Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 62: liberti heredem sequantur, Quint. 7, 7, 9; so the formula frequently occurring on inscriptions: HIC LOCVS, HOC MONVMENTVM HEREDEM NON SEQVITVR, USU. abbreviated H. L. or H. M. H. N. S., Inscr. Orell. 4379; 3926; 4455; 575; 2807; 4182; cf. opp.: HOC MONVMENTVM HEREDEM SEQVITVR, Inscr. Orell. 4397: heres secundus, the second heir , next heir , when the first dies: qui me secundum heredem instituerit. Cic. Fam. 13, 61, 1; cf.: possessio heredum secundorum, id. Inv. 2, 21, 62: secundus, Quint. 8, 4, 11; Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416; also used of a female: Marcus ait: Heres ipsius secundus, de muliere loquens, Charis. p. 79 P.: heres necessarius, a slave made heir with a grant of freedom , and compelled to assume the liabilities of the estate, Just. Inst. 1, 6, 1 Sandars: ideo sic appellatus, quia, sive velit sive nolit, omnimodo post mortem testatoris protinus liber et heres est, Gai. Inst. 2, 153: heres suus et necessarius, a natural heir who was in the potestas of the deceased , id. ib. 2, § 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1; opp.: heres extraneus, Gai. Inst. 2, § 161.— Poet.: tanti certaminis (i. e. armorum Achillis), Ov. M. 13, 129.—
B Transf.
1 Owner , possessor , master (ante-class.): heres apud antiquos pro domino ponebatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 99 Müll.; cf. Just. Inst. 2, 19 fin. : apstuli hanc, quojus heres numquam erit post hunc diem, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 12; cf. v. 28.—
2 A successor , after-growth (poet.): nec ullum caput est impune recisum, quin gemino cervix herede valentior esset, of the heads of the Lernean Hydra , Ov. M. 9, 74; cf.: alni caesae densius innumero herede prosunt, Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173. —
II Trop. (very rare): illa vetus Academia atque ejus heres Aristus, Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf. artis, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 24: laudis, Ov. H. 9, 110: fraudis, id. ib. 2, 78: criminis. id. A. A. 3, 459.