hospĕs, ĭtis (gen. plur. hospitium, Liv. 4, 35, 4), m.; hospĭta, ae, f. (cf. antistita from antistes, sospita from sospes, sacerdota from sacerdos, etc., but hospes, f., Att. ap. Non. 279, 11; Trag. Fragm. v. 51 Rib.: hospes amica, Ov. F. 6, 510: Aurora, Stat. Th. 6, 272; Sen. Agam. 318 al.) [= hostipets, hostis, a stranger; pa-, root of pasco, pater, to feed, hence],
I He who entertains a stranger , a host (one who entertains gratuitously, as a friend: caupo, one who entertains for pay); form hospes: alterum ad cauponem devertisse, ad hospitem alterum, Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57; so id. Fin. 5, 2, 4: tendimus hinc recta Beneventum, ubi sedulus hospes Paene macros, arsit, dum turdos versat in igne, etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 71: succinctus, id. ib. 2, 6, 107: amabilis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 132: hospitis affectu salutare, with a host's politeness , Juv. 8, 161.—Esp., one upon whom soldiers are quartered , Tac. H. 2, 66; 3, 41.—Hence repeated of both host and guest: per dexteram istam te oro, quam regi Deiotaro hospes hospiti porrexisti, Cic. Deiot. 3, 8; so, non hospes ab hospite tutus, Ov. M. 1, 144: Juppiter, = hospitalis, id. ib. 10, 224.— Fem. , hospita, she who entertains a guest , a hostess : femina primaria, Servilia, vetere Dionis hospita, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24: figura et lineamenta hospitae, id. ib. 2, 2, 36, § 89: Helene, Hor. C. 1, 15, 2.—In late Lat., for a concubine , Inscr. Orell. 2669; 4996. —
II Transf.
A A sojourner , visitor , guest , friend , ξένος. Lit.: in domo clari hominis, in quam et hospites multi recipiendi et admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: libri inter Cratippi commentarios tamquam hospites recipiendi, id. ib. 3, 33, 121: recipere hospites, id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65: accipere hospitem, id. Fam. 9, 26 fin. : non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae, id. Agr. 2, 34, 94: habuisses non hospitem, sed contubernalem, id. Fam. 9, 20, 1: et hostem et hospitem vidit, id. Div. 2, 37, 79; 6, 6, 2: is qui nuper Romae fuit Menedemus hospes meus, id. de Or. 1, 19, 85; cf. id. Lael. 7, 24: Polybius noster hospes, id. Rep. 4, 3: id factum ex suis hospitibus Caesar cognoverat, Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 2: in suos notos hospitesque quaerebant, id. B. C. 1, 74, 5: hospes familiae vestrae, Cic. Lael. 11, 36: homo multorum hospitum, id. Clu. 59, 163: mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes Sive, etc., Hor. S. 2, 2, 118: si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes, id. ib. 2, 4, 17: hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum, Juv. 14, 59: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea adfini, Sabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—In fem. : meamne hic in via hospitam, Quae heri huc Athenis cum hospite advenit meo, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 8; id. ib. 71; Ter. And. 439; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 3.—
B Opp. to a native, a stranger , foreigner (syn.: advena, peregrinus, peregrinator, alienus): adeone hospes hujusce urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias? Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28: nec peregrinus atque hospes in agendo, id. de Or. 1, 50, 218: nos in nostra urbe peregrinantes errantesque tamquam hospites tui libri quasi domum deduxerunt, id. Ac. 1, 3, 9.—So in addressing a foreigner, like the Gr. ξένε, stranger : cum (Theophrastus) percontaretur ex anicula quadam, quanti aliquid venderet, et respondisset illa atque addidisset, Hospes, non pote minoris: tulisse eum moleste, se non effugere hospitis speciem, cum aetatem ageret Athenis optimeque loqueretur, id. Brut. 46, 172; Quint. 8, 1, 2: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 42, 101 (a transl. of the Gr. Ὦ ξεῖν᾽, ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις, etc., Herod. 7, 228): hospes, quid miras curare Serapin? Varr. ap. Non. 480, 30; Prop. 4, 1, 1.— Fem. , hospita, a female stranger : hanc hospitam crepidula ut graphice decet, Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 3.—
C Hence, a stranger in any matter, ignorant of , unacquainted with : si erit idem in consuetudine civitatis hospes, Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131: vos ignoretis, vos hospites in hac urbe versamini, id. Mil. 12, 33.—
D Of inanim. or abstr. things adjectively, hospitable; strange , foreign.
α Form hospes (only in post-Aug. poets): gemma, Pall. Insit. init. : tecta, etc., Stat. Th. 12, 479: cymba, id. S. 5, 1, 252: honor, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 650.—
β Form hospita (in the fem. and neutr. plur. mostly poet.): hirundines hospitae, Varr. ap. Arn. 6, 207: navis, Ov. F. 1, 340: quo tutior hospita lustres Aequora, Verg. A. 3, 377: conjunx hospita Teucris, id. ib. 6, 93: terra hospita, id. ib. 3, 539: tecta, Val. Fl. 2, 650: flumina, Stat. Th. 4, 842: litora mundo, id. S. 3, 5, 75: unda plaustris, bearing wagons on its frozen surface , Verg. G. 3, 362: vina, Val. Fl. 1, 44.