mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. μέλας, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].—
I Comp. : pējor, pejus.— Sup. : pessimus, a, um, bad , in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky , etc.: malus et nequam homo, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1: pessima puella, Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10: delituit mala, Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9: philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti, Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23: malam opinionem habere de aliquo, id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59: consuetudo, Hor. S. 1, 3, 36: conscientia, Quint. 12, 1, 3: mens, id. ib.: mores, Sall. C. 18: fures, Hor. S. 1, 1, 77: Furiae, id. ib. 2, 3, 135: virus, Verg. G. 1, 129: cicuta, Hor. S. 2, 1, 56: libido, Liv. 1, 57: falx, Verg. E. 3, 11: gramina, id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation , Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17: abi in malam rem, go and be hanged! Ter. And. 317: pugna, unsuccessful, adverse , Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56: avis, i. e. ill-boding , Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46: ales, id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome , i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4: haud mala est mulier, not badlooking , id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42: facies, Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 274: crus, i. e. deformed , Hor. S. 1, 2, 102: pondus, i. e. light, deficient , Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick: in malis aeger est, in great danger , Cels. 3, 15 fin. : tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat, id. 3, 5 med. : eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant, id. ib.—In neutr. sing. , as adv.: ne gallina malum responset dura palato, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp. : pejor, worse : via, Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,
1 mă-lum , i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity , etc.
A In gen.: orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25: quam sit bellum, cavere malum, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247: nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto, id. Lael. 3, 10: hostes inopinato malo turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: externum, i. e. bellum, Nep. Hamilc. 21: ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris, Cels. 3, 15: hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc., Liv. 2, 34, 11.—
B In partic.
α Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury : malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem, Liv. 2, 54, 10: malo exercitum coërcere, Sall. J. 100, 5: sine malo, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 712; Liv. 4, 49, 11: vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret, ill-usage , Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est, is hurtful, injurious , Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5: clementiam illi malo fuisse, was injurious, unfortunate , Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own hurt , Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): olet homo quidam malo suo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165: male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo, to your own hurt , id. As. 1, 3, 3.—
β Wrong-doing : causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum, Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—
γ As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment : quid tu, malum, me sequere? Plaut. Cas. 1, 3: qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 780: quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—
δ As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—
2 măle , adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly , etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him , etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, ἀλογιστως, will act altogether unwisely , Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10: di isti Segulio male faciant, do harm to him, punish him , Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1: o factum male de Alexione! id. Att. 15, 1, 1: male velle alicui, to wish ill , Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13: Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo, Cic. Sen. 6, 18: male loqui, id. Rosc. Am. 48: male loqui alicui, for maledicere, Ter. Phorm. 372: male accipere verbis aliquem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140: equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere, to harass, annoy , Caes. B. C. 1, 63: hoc male habet virum, annoys, vexes him , Ter. And. 436: male se habere, to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited , id. Eun. 634: male est animo, it vexes me , id. Ad. 655: male est animo, I feel unwell , Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33: male fit animo, I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell , id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1: quae res tibi vertat male, much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 191: male tibi esse malo quam molliter, I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate , Sen. Ep. 82, 1: proelium male pugnatum, unsuccessfully , Sall. J. 54, 7: ea quae male empta sunt, at a bad bargain , Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1: male vendere, at a sacrifice , id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34: male tegere mutationem fortunae, Tac. H. 1, 66: male sustinere arma, unskilfully , Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely , Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: male metuo, ne, etc., exceedingly, much , Ter. Hec. 337: rauci, miserably , Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.— When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus, insane, deranged , Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5: male sana, with mind disturbed , Verg. A. 4, 8: gratus, i. e. ungrateful , Ov. H. 7, 27: male fidas provincias, unfaithful , Tac. H. 1, 17: statio male fida carinis, unsafe , Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp. : oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium, Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.: pejusque leto flagitium timet, Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and: cane pejus vitabit chlamydem, id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.