que

quĕ (lengthened in arsis by the poets, like the Gr. τε: Faunique Satyrique, Ov. M. 1, 193; 4, 10; 5, 484; Verg. A. 3, 91 al.), conj. enclitic [kindr. with Gr. τε, κε, and Sanscr. ca, the same], a copulative particle affixed to the word it annexes. According to Dräger (Hist. Synt. Th. 3, p. 32), it is, in archaic and official language, preferred to et, from which it is distinguished by denoting a closer connection. It is used,

I Singly, to effect,

A Co-ordination of words,

1 Of cognate meaning: fames sitisque, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: augeri amplificarique, id. ib. 1, 11, 38: admirabilis incredibilisque, id. ib. 3, 22, 74: fuga pavorque, Liv. 29, 25: cibus victusque, id. 2, 35: concilium coetusque, Cic. Sen. 23, 84: res rationesque, Plaut. Am. prol. 4: blandimenta voluptatis otiique, Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: extremum summumque supplicium, id. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169: imperio auspicioque, Curt. 5, 1, 1: carus acceptusque, Sall. J. 12, 3: jus fasque, Liv. 8, 5. — Esp. in phrases like longe longeque, Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68; Hor. S. 1, 6, 18: longe multumque, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40: saepe diuque, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 1. — With comp. : plus plusque, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 10: magis magisque, id. Ps. 4, 7, 116: minus minusque, id. Aul. prol. 18; with personal and possessive pronouns : me meosque, Plaut. Bacch. 8, 4, 6: ipse meique, Hor. S. 2, 6, 65; and in archaic formulae: potes pollesque, Liv. 1, 24: vivunt vigentque, id. 25, 38. —

2 Of contrasted meaning: jus nefasque, Hor. Epod. 5, 87: longe lateque, Naev. ap. Non. p. 503: cominus eminusque, Liv. 31, 24: ultro citroque, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170: terrā marique, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 25: ferro ignique, Cic. Phil. 11, 14, 37: pace belloque, Liv. 2, 1: belli domique, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 230: domi ferisque, Sall. J. 85, 3: tempus locusque, Liv. 1, 9: parvis magnisque, Plaut. Ps. 771: floribus coronisque, flowers loose and bound up , Curt. 4, 4, 5. —

B Adding a detail or explanation (not in Cic.).

1 General: fratres consanguineosque, Caes. B. G. 1, 33: largitiones temeritatisque invitamenta, Liv. 2, 42: ad tempus non venit, metusque rem impediebat, Sall. J. 70, 5: a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque, Liv. 7, 15, 7: Graeco peregrinoque sermone, Just. praef. 1. —

2 Special to general: arma tantum ferrumque in dextris, Liv. 5, 42, 8. —

3 General to special: nostra consilia quaeque in castris gerantur, Caes. B. G. 1, 17: obsides daturos quaeque imperasset facturos, id. ib. 4, 27: regno fortunisque omnibus expulit, Sall. J. 14, 2: Baliares levemque armaturam, Liv. 21, 55.—

C Introducing an explanatory clause, and so (Liv.): fretusque his animis Aeneas, Liv. 1, 2: Sabinusque, id. 1, 45. —

D In an answer (very rare): Ain heri nos adventisse huc? Aio, adveniensque ilico me salutasti, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 167.—

E Equivalent to quoque only in hodieque (not before Velleius): quae hodieque appellatur Ionia, Vell. 1, 4, 3: quae hodieque celebres sunt, id. 2, 8, 3: in Abydi gymnasio colitur hodieque, Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 150: et hodieque reliquiae durant, id. 8, 45, 70, § 176: sunt clari hodieque, Quint. 10, 1, 94. —

F Connecting final member of a clause: fauste, feliciter, prospereque, Cic. Mur. 1, 1 fin. : ab honore, famā fortunisque, id. ib. 1, 1 fin. : pacem, tranquillitatem, otium concordiamque afferat, id. ib. 1, 1. —

G In transition to a new subject or thought: quoniamque ea natura esset hominis, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 67: discriptioque sacerdotum nullum justae religionis genus praetermittit, id. Leg. 2, 12, 30; v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73.—

II Repeated, que . . . que.

A Both ... and (not in Caes., once in Cic.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 338), co-ordinating,

1 Similar notions: quasque incepistis res, quasque inceptabitis, Plaut. Am. prol. 7: risusque jocosque, Hor. S. 1, 5, 98.—

2 Contrasted notions: meque teque, Asin. 3, 2, 31: mores veteresque novosque tenentem, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4: mittuntque feruntque, Ov. M. 12, 495: noctesque diesque, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51.—

3 Esp. when one or both of the words are pronouns: seque remque publicam curabant, Sall. C. 9, 3: quique in urbe erant, quosque acciverant, Liv. 1, 55: quique exissent, quique ibi mansissent, id. 25, 22.—

B Que ... que , and ... and , the first que referring to a previous clause: singulasque res definimus, circumscripteque complectimur, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147.—

III More than twice.

1 Que ... que ... que : quod mihique eraeque filiaeque erili est, Ter. Ad. 301: regnaque tristia, Divosque mortalesque turbas regit, Hor. C. 3, 4, 46.—

2 Four times, Sil. 2, 444; five times, Verg. G. 3, 344; seven times, Ov. M. 9, 691.—

IV Followed by other conjunctions.

1 Que ... et (not in Cic., Caes., Suet., or Nep.): peregrique et domi, Plaut. Am. prol. 5: deus, qui quae nos gerimus auditque et videt, id. Capt. 2, 2, 63: seque et oppidum tradat, Sall. J. 26, 1: illosque et Sullam, id. ib. 104, 1: signaque et ordines, Liv. 2, 59; 1, 43, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.: legatique et tribuni, id. 29, 22: in formulam jurisque et dicionis, id. 26, 24: omnes gentesque et terrae, id. 21, 30, 2 (v. Fabri ad loc.): Arpinique et Romani, id. 24, 47: seque et arma, Curt. 8, 4, 15: seque et delatores, Tac. Agr. 42.—

2 Que ... et ... et : Romanique et Macedones et socii, Liv. 44, 29: seque et arma et equos, Tac. Agr. 18: seque et domum et pacem, id. A. 1, 4; 12, 37. —

3 Que ... ac (rare, not earlier than Verg.): satisque ac super, Ov. M. 4, 429: minusque ac minus, Liv. 26, 17: oculisque ac mente turbatus, id. 7, 26: posuitque domos atque horrea fecit, Verg. G. 1, 182: seque ac liberos suos, Tac. H. 3, 63: opibusque atque honoribus, id. ib. 4, 34. —

4 Que ... ac ... et : in quos seque ac conjuges et liberos condunt, Curt. 5, 6, 17. —

5 Que ... et ... ac , Liv. 35, 41. —

V Following a conjunction, et ... que : paratissimi et ab exercitu reliquisque rebus, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5: id et singulis universisque honori fuisse, Liv. 4, 2 (Weissenb. et id); occasionally in Cic. (through negligence, acc. to Madvig): igitur et Epaminondas ... Themistoclesque, Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4: officia et servata praetermissaque, id. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—

VI Que nearly equivalent to autem, sed ..., but (not in Caes.): studio ad rempublicam latus sum ibique multa mihi advorsa fuere, but there , Sall. C. 3, 3.—Mostly after a negative: Socrates nec patronum quaesivit nec judicibus supplex fuit, adhibuitque liberam contumaciam, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Cat. 2, 13, 28 fin. : qui non temere movendam rem tantam expectandosque ex Hispaniā legatos censerent, Liv. 21, 6, 7: quae neque dant flammas lenique vapore cremantur, Ov. M. 2, 811.—

VII Que is usually appended to the first word of the phrase, but to a noun rather than to a monosyllabic preposition governing it, unless the preposition is repeated: de provinciāque, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48: per vimque, id. Phil. 5, 4, 10; cf.: ab iisque, id. Tusc. 5, 33, 94: sub occasumque solis, Caes. B. G. 2, 11.— Exceptions are to be found, especially in Liv.: proque ignoto, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 10: exque eo tempore, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 80; 1, 34, 122: inque eam rem, id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114: inque eo exercitu, id. Sest. 18, 41: inque eam rem, Caes. B. G. 5, 36; Liv. 10, 37, 15; 40, 57, 5; Tac. A. 15, 45: cumque eis, Sall. C. 6, 1: proque, Liv. 4, 26, 9; 6, 26, 5; 30, 18, 2: deque praedā, id. 23, 11, 3: perque, id. 1, 49, 5; 3, 6, 7; 5, 36, 7: transque, id. 22, 41, 7: aque, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 30: eque, Verg. E. 7, 13; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3: exque eo, Cels. 7, 27: perque somnum, id. 2, 5.—And where the same preposition is repeated que is regularly joined to it: haec de se, deque provinciā, Liv. 26, 28, 3; 22, 59, 16; 29, 23, 10; 31, 5, 4; 38, 35, 7: de matrimonio Agrippinae, deque Neronis adoptione, Suet. Claud. 43 init. : per senectutem tuam, perque eam, quam, etc., Plaut. As. 1, 1, 3. — Where the preposition is dissyllabic it regularly takes the que: interque eos, Liv. 2, 20, 8; 5, 49, 7: sine scutis sineque ferro, Cic. Caecin. 23, 64. — It is rarely annexed to the second word of the clause, when the first word is an adverb: tantos tam praecipitisque casus, Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 13: tanto tam immensoque campo, id. ib. 3, 31, 124 al.—In class. Latin que is not appended to hic, sic, nunc, huc, etc. (v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40): hucque et illuc, Tac. A. 13, 37; 15, 38: tuncque id. ib. 6, 7 (1); 14, 15.—Que is often misplaced by the poets, especially by Tibullus and Propertius in the latter part of the pentameter: Messallam terrā dum sequiturque mari, Tib. 1, 3, 56: ferratam Danaes transiliamque domum, Prop. 2, 16, 11.