servo, āvi, ātum, 1 (old fut. perf. servasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71: servassis, an old formula in Cato R. R. 141, 3: servassit, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 76: servassint, id. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103), v. a. [cf. salus].
I Lit.
A In gen., to save , deliver , keep unharmed , preserve , protect , etc. (very freq. and class.; syn. salvo): Ph. Perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Immo servo et servatum volo, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56; cf.: qui ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2: pol me occidistis, amici, Non servastis, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 139: aliquem ex periculo, Caes. B. C. 2, 41 fin. : aliquem ex judicio, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131: vita ex hostium telis servata, id. Rep. 1, 3, 5: urbs ex belli ore et faucibus erepta atque servata, id. Arch. 9, 21.—With ab and abl. (mostly post - Aug. and rare): si tamen servari a furibus possunt, Pall. 5, 8, 7 fin. : super omnia Capitolium summamque rem in eo solus a Gallis servaverat, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 103.—Mars pater, te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem mihi, etc., an old formula of prayer, Cato R. R. 141, 3: di te servassint semper, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64: di te servassint mihi, id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103: ita me servet Juppiter, Ter. Phorm. 807: serva, quod in te est, filium et me et familiam, id. Heaut. 845: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratiā. Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.): invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti, Hor. A. P. 467: Graeciae portus per se (i. e. Themistoclem) servatos, Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5: servare rem publicam, id. Sest. 22, 49: quoniam me unā vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 50: impedimenta cohortesque, id. B. C. 1, 70: urbem insulamque Caesari, id. ib. 2, 20: sua, Cato R. R. 5, 1: rem suam, Hor. A. P. 329: servabit odorem Testa, id. Ep. 1, 2, 69: Sabinus Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine falcem, keeping , retaining , Verg. A. 7, 179 et saep.: urbem et cives integros incolumesque, Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25: pudicitiam liberorum ab eorum libidine tutam, id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68: se integros castosque, id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72: omnia mihi integra, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1.—Poet. with inf.: infecta sanguine tela Conjugibus servant parvisque ostendere natis, Stat. Th. 9, 188.— Absol.: So. Perii, pugnos ponderat. Me. Quid si ego illum tractim tangam ut dormiat? So. Servaveris: Nam continuas has tres noctes pervigilavi, you would save me , Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 157.—
β With abl. or ab or ex and abl. of the danger or evil: si respublica populi Romani Quiritium ad quinquennium proximum salva servata erit hisce duellis, datum donum duit, etc., an ancient votive formula, Liv. 22, 10, 2: Q. SERVILIVS VVLNERE SERVATVS, Inscr. Grut. 48, 5: omnes quattuor amissis servatae a peste carinae, Verg. A. 5, 699.—Usu. with ex : quo ex judicio te ulla salus servare posset, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131: urbs ex omni impetu regio servata, id. Arch. 9, 21: ex eo periculo, Caes. B. C. 2, 41: navem ex hieme marique, Nep. Att. 10, 6.—
b With abstract objects: navorum imperium servare est induperantum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Trag. v. 413 Vahl.): imperium probe, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 7: ordines, Caes. B. G. 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 44; 2, 41; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23: ordinem laboris quietisque, Liv. 26, 51: praesidia indiligentius, Caes. B. G. 2, 33: vigilias, Liv. 34, 9: custodias neglegenter, id. 33, 4: discrimina rerum, id. 5, 46: concentum (fides), Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75: cursus, id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68: intervallum, Caes. B. G. 7, 23: tenorem pugnae, Liv. 30, 18: modum, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 et saep.: fidem, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 63: fidem cum aliquo, id. Curc. 1, 2, 49; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33; Ter. And. 280: fides juris jurandi saepe cum hoste servanda, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; cf.: fidem de numero dierum, Caes. B. G. 6, 36: promissum, Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 1: promissa, Cic. Off. 1, 10, 23: officia, id. ib. 1, 11, 33: justitiam, id. ib. 1, 13, 41; cf.: aequabilitatem juris, id. Rep. 1, 34, 53: aequitatem, id. Off. 1, 19, 64: jura induciarum, Caes. B. C. 1, 85: institutum militare, id. ib. 3, 75; cf. id. ib. 3, 84; 3, 89: rectum animi, Hor. S. 2, 3, 201: consulta patrum, leges juraque, id. Ep. 1, 16, 41; legem, Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 2: consuetudinem, id. Clu. 32, 89: illud quod deceat, id. Off. 1, 28, 97: dignitatem, id. de Or. 2, 54, 221: fidem cum aliquo, id. Phil. 7, 8, 22: amicitiam summā fide, id. Lael. 7, 25: Platonis verecundiam, id. Fam. 9, 22, 5: aequam mentem, Hor. C. 2, 3, 2: nati amorem, Verg. A. 2, 789: conubia alicujus, id. ib. 3, 319: foedera, Ov. F. 2, 159.—
B In partic., to keep , lay up , preserve , reserve for the future or for some purpose (syn. reservare): si voles servare (vinum) in vetustatem, ad alvum movendam servato, Cato R. R. 114, 2; Col. 12, 28, 4: lectum Massicum, Hor. C. 3, 21, 6; Col. 12, 28, 4; cf.: Caecuba centum clavibus, Hor. C. 2, 14, 26: lapis chernites mitior est servandis corporibus nec absumendis, Plin. 36, 17, 28, § 132: vermes in melle, id. 30, 13, 39, § 115: se temporibus aliis, Cic. Planc. 5, 13: eo me servavi, id. Att. 5, 17, 1: Valerius, in parvis rebus neglegens ultor gravem se ad majora vindicem servabat, Liv. 2, 11, 4; 10, 28, 5.—With dat.: placet esse quasdam res servatas judicio voluntatique multitudinis, Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69: in aliquod tempus quam integerrimas vires militi servare, Liv. 10, 28: Jovis auribus ista (carmina) Servas, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44: causa integra Caesari servaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 1: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis, Verg. A. 1, 207.—Poet. with ad : ad Herculeos servaberis arcus, Ov. M. 12, 309.—
II Transf. (from the idea of the attention being turned to any thing).
A To give heed to , pay attention to; to watch , observe any thing (syn. observo).
1 In gen.
α With acc.: uxor scelesta me omnibus servat modis, Ne, etc., Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5: vestimenta sua, id. ib. 2, 3, 52: iter alicujus, Caes. B. G. 5, 19: Palinurus dum sidera servat, Verg. A. 6, 338: nubem locumque, Ov. M. 5, 631: nutricis limen servantis alumnae, keeping watch over , guarding , id. ib. 10, 383: pascentes haedos, Verg. E. 5, 12: vestibulum, id. A. 6, 556: servaturis vigili Capitolia voce Cederet anseribus, Ov. M. 2, 538; cf.: pomaria dederat servanda draconi, id. ib. 4, 646.—
β With rel.-clause or final: quid servas, quo eam, quid agam? Lucil. ap. Non. 387, 26: tuus servus servet, Venerine eas (coronas) det, an viro, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 60: cum decemviri servassent, ut unus fasces haberet, Liv. 3, 36, 3: servandum in eo ante omnia, ut, etc., Plin. 17, 17, 28, § 124: ut (triumviri) servarent, ne qui nocturni coetus fierent, Liv. 39, 14 fin. ; Col. 8, 5, 13.—
γ Absol. , to stay , keep watch , or guard: Eu. Intus serva. Sl. Quippini Ego intus servem? an, ne quis aedes auferat? Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 3 sq.; cf.: nemo in aedibus Servat, id. Most. 2, 2, 22: solus Sannio servat domi, Ter. Eun. 780; Ov. M. 1, 627.— Imper. : serva! take care! look out! beware! Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 29; Ter. And. 416; id. Ad. 172; Hor. S. 2, 3, 59.—
2 In partic., in relig. lang., to observe an omen: secundam avem servat... servat genus altivolantum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 and 84 Vahl.): de caelo servare, Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; id. Div. 2, 35, 74; so of the augurs: de caelo, id. Vatin. 6, 15; id. Sest. 61, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Att. 2, 16, 2; 4, 3, 3: caelum servare, Lucr. 5, 395: fulgura caeli, id. 6, 429.—
B To keep to , remain in a place (i. e. to keep watch there); to dwell in , inhabit (ante-class. and poet.): nunc te amabo, ut hanc hoc triduum solum sinas Esse hic et servare apud me, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 107: tu nidum servas, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6: atria servantem postico falle clientem, id. ib. 1, 5, 31: nymphae sorores, Centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant, Verg. G. 4, 383: immanem hydrum Servantem ripas, id. ib. 4, 459: sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes, id. A. 7, 52: DOMVM SERVAVIT, LANAM FECIT, Inscr. Orell. 3848.—
C In late jurid. Lat.: servare aliquid (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to get , obtain , receive , Dig. 17, 1, 45 fin. ; so ib. 25, 5, 2; 26, 7, 61.—Hence, * servans , antis, P.a., keeping , observant; with gen.: Rhipeus servantissimus aequi, Verg. A. 2, 427.