solvo, solvi, solūtum, 3, v. a. (perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13: soluisse, Tib. 3, 11, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I To loose an object bound, to release , set free , disengage , dissolve , take apart.
A In a corporeal sense.
1 Outwardly, to release.
a From fetters or custody, to free , set free , release; absol. : solvite istas, i. e. from fetters , Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64: solvite istum, id. Mil. 5, 32: numquam, nisi me orassis, solves, id. Ep. 5, 2, 62: jube solvi (eum), Ter. And. 955: ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: ut vincti solvantur, id. ib. 2, 5, 6, § 12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur, id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75: ita nexi soluti (sunt), Liv. 8, 28, 9: solvite me, pueri, Verg. E. 6, 24: fore ut brevi solveretur, Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.: canis solutus catenā, Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. —Transf., from the fetter of frost: solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo), Stat. Th. 5, 15: terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae, Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein , i. e. dismiss him from service , Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8: solverat sol equos, unhitched , Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open ), Nep. Hann. 11, 3: et tibi sollicitā solvitur illa (epistula) manu, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2: et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo, id. H. 11, 4: praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent, Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl , unfold : cum tunicā solutā inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26: solutā togā, Quint. 11, 3, 147: vela solvere, Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol. , or with ab or de , and abl.: Caucasiā solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia, Prop. 2, 1, 69: fraxinus solvitur, from the ground , Stat. Th. 9, 498: ceciditque soluta pinus, id. ib. 9, 409; cf.: pinus radice solutā, deficit, id. S. 5, 1, 152: solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5: accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancorā solutā de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore, detached , Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublatā; but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis, Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102: querno solvunt de stipite funem, id. F. 4, 333: fune soluto Currit in immensum carina, id. Am. 2, 11, 23: curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum), Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds: imber caelesti nube solutus, Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfectā vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture , i. e. from the earth : cum solis radii absumant, Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45: solutum a latere pugionem, detached from his side , Suet. Vit. 15.—
d Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land , i. e. to set sail , weigh anchor , leave land , depart.
α With acc. alone: eisce confectis navem solvimus, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91: navim cupimus solvere, id. Mil. 4, 7, 17: naves solvit, Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26; 3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem, Liv. 45, 6: postero die solvere naves (jussi), id. 29, 25 fin. ; Nep. Hann. 8, 2: classem solvere, Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
β With ab and abl.: navis a terrā solverunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves, Liv. 31, 7 med. : solvunt a litore puppes, Luc. 2, 649.—
γ With ex and abl.: nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259: interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
δ With abl.: complures mercatores Alexandriā solvisse, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50: portu solventibus, id. Mur. 2, 4.—
ε Absol. (sc. navem or naves): tertiā fere vigiliā solvit, Caes. B. G. 4, 23: nos eo die cenati solvimus, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: altero die quam a Brundusio solvit, Liv. 31, 14 init. : qui inde solverant, Val. Max. 1, 7, 3: solvi mare languido, Sen. Ep. 53, 1: fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves, id. Ben. 2, 35, 5: non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi, making sea-voyages , id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
ζ With navis, etc., as subj. , to leave the land (sc. se a litore): naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore , i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
η Poet. usages: de litore puppis solvit iter, clears the voyage , Stat. S. 5, 1, 243: nec tibi Tyrrhenā solvatur funis harenā, Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e Of secretions from the body (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tempore eo quo menstrua solvit, Lucr. 6, 706: cruor solvitur, Stat. Th. 9, 530: lacrimas solvere, id. Achill. 2, 256: solutis lacrimis, Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so, partūs solvere, to bear , bring forth , be delivered of offspring , Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2 To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up , part , dissolve , disperse , divide , take apart , scatter.
a In gen.: omne colligatum solvi potest, Cic. Fin. 11.—
b Of structures (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): solvere naves et rursus conjungere, Curt. 8, 10, 3: solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2: dubitavit an solveret pontem, Curt. 4, 16, 8: solvere pontem, Tac. A. 1, 69: si pons solutus sit, Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7: solutus pons tempestatibus, Just. 2, 13, 9: currum (solis) solutum, Manil. 1, 740.—
c Of woven stuff: solvens texta, Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d Of mountains: utrimque montes solvit (Hercules), Sen. Herc. Fur. 237: tridente Neptunus montem solvit, id. Agam. 553.—
e Of the neck: soluta cervix silicis impulsu, broken , Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f Of a comet: momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est, Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g Of the hair, to loosen , untie , let fall : solve capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3: crinem, id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46: comas casside, Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra; post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant, Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2: ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems, Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3 To dissolve; pass. , to be dissolved , changed , to pass over into (poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol. , or with in and acc.
α Of a change into air or gas: calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini, dissolving , parts the molecules of the wine , Lucr. 6, 235: nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta, id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103: ita fatus in aëra rursus solvitur, Stat. Th. 5, 285; nec in aëra solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris, Ov. M. 15, 845.—
β Into a liquid, to melt : saepe terra in tabem solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7: terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem, id. ib. 3, 29, 4: nullum tellus se solvit in amnem, Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth , i. e. change into rain , Stat. S. 1, 2, 186: ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so, nivem solvere, id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729: rigor auri solvitur aestu, Lucr. 1, 493: ferrum calidi solvant camini, Manil. 4, 250: cerae igne solutae, Ov. A. A. 2, 47: Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur, Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142: (herba) quinto die solvitur, id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
γ Of putrefaction: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem, Verg. G. 4, 302.—
δ Of change in general: inque novas abiit massa soluta domos, Ov. F. 1, 108: repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tantā varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies), Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
ε Of expansion by heat: (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu, Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
ζ Hence, solvere, absol. , to rarefy : gravitas aëris solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
η Solvi in, to pass into , become : in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines, Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave: donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur, disappears in , Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2: postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces), Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over , to make vanish in : circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced , Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4 To consume , to destroy , dissolve : solvere orbes, Manil. 1, 497: ni calor et ventus ... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum), Lucr. 3, 287: (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit, Liv. 39, 40, 11: si (cometae) sunt purus ignis ... nec illos conversio mundi solvit, Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2: (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur, id. ib. 7, 9, 4: tabes solvit corpora, Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809: nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis), id. 3, 506: ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis, Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life , esp. of gradual or easy death: solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas, Sen. Ep. 22, 3: hanc mihi solvite vitam, Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B Trop.
1 To free , release , loose , emancipate , set free; constr. absol. , with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a From the body, etc.: teque isto corpore solvo, Verg. A. 4, 703: solutā corpore animā, Quint. 5, 14, 13: qui solutas vinculis animas recipit, Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body ) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100: vocem solvere, to set free the voice , to speak , Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose ), Sen. Oedip. 292: suspiria solvit, Stat. Th. 11, 604: solvat turba jocos, Sen. Med. 114: solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere), Hor. S. 1, 4, 83: Ausonii ... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto, unrestrained , free , Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words : linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit, Ov. M. 3, 261: lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta, Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7: ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est, id. Const. 11, 3: (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas, Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms , i. e. to move them : magna difficili solventem bracchia motu, Stat. Ach. 1, 604; cf. of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores, unrestrained flight , Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c From obligations and debts: solvit me debito, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1: an nos debito solverit, id. Ep. 81, 3: ut religione civitas solvatur, Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9: te decem tauri ... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione), Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath: hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando, Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militiā solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service : sacramento solvi, Tac. A. 16, 13: cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur, Dig. 49, 16, 13: militiā solvere, Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties : ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur, Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf. : ut manere solveretur, that he should be excused from the duty of remaining , Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d From guilt and sin, to acquit , absolve , cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime): si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur, be held guiltless , Cic. Mil. 12, 31: atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit, id. ib. 4, 9: sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei, Ov. F. 6, 452: ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas, id. ib. 2, 40: Helenen ego crimine solvo, id. A. A. 2, 371: quid crimine solvis Germanum? Stat. Th. 11, 379: solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e From feelings, etc.: quae eos qui quaesissent curā et negotio solverent, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris, Ter. Hec. 230: senatus curā belli solutus, Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7: pectus linquunt curā solutum, Lucr. 2, 45: his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56: soluti metu, Liv. 41, 14 init. ; 27, 51: solvent formidine terras, Verg. E. 4, 14: solve metu patriam, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41: metu belli Scythas solvit, Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5: haec est Vita solutorum miserā ambitione, Hor. S. 1, 6, 129: soluti a cupiditatibus, Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementiā, Hor. Epod. 17, 43: longo luctu, Verg. A. 2, 26: tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitiā), Sen. Hippol. 450: solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi, id. Herc. Fur. 1063: Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit? Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. —Poet.: solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis), the soul from superstition , Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals: rabie tigrim, Manil. 5, 707.— Absol. : ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus), Sen. Ep. 95, 38: calices, quem non fecere contractā in paupertate solutum? i. e. from cares , Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20: solvite animos, Manil. 4, 12.—With in : vix haec in munera solvo animum, i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties , Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f From sleep, very rare: ego somno solutus sum, awoke , Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep , 2. β, γ infra).—
g From labor, business, etc.: volucres videmus ... solutas opere volitare, Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23: solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor, Sen. Oedip. 685.—Poet.: Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi, to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure , Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax , smooth , unbend , quiet , soothe (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): frontem solvere disce, Mart. 14, 183: saltem ora trucesque solve genas, Stat. Th. 11, 373: solvit feros tunc ipse rictus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.—Poet.: solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur, be cleared , Hor. Epod. 13, 5: vultum risu solvit, relieves , Val. Max. 4, 3, 5: risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat, Quint. 6, 3, 1; so, solvere judicem, unbend , excite his laughter , id. 11, 3, 3: solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu), Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4: ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum, Hor. S. 2, 6, 83: cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant? Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.: solventur risu tabulae, i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter , and the complaint dismissed , Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated: quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur, Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k From any cause of restraint.
α To release from siege : Bassanitas obsidione solvere, Liv. 44, 30: patriam obsidione solvere, Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
β From moral restraints : hic palam cupiditates suas solvit, gave vent to , Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
α To exempt from laws , i. e. by privilege: Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus, Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11: cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc., id. ib. 2, 13, 31: ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis, id. Agr. 2, 36, 99: Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aeliā et Furiā), id. Att. 1, 16, 13: solvatne legibus Scipionem, Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2: petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur, Liv. 31, 50, 8: Scipio legibus solutus est, id. Epit. 56: Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus, Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.: ut munere vigintiviratūs solveretur, Tac. A. 3, 29.—Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.: (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6: solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur, id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5: nec leti lege solutas, Lucr. 3, 687: nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati), Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition : et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret, Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
β Legibus solutus, not subject to , released from : reus Postumus est eā lege ... solutus ac liber, i. e. the law does not apply to him , Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12: soluti (lege Juliā) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete, id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws: solutus Legibus insanis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 68: quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae, Sen. Ep. 65, 20.—Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws , i. e. crimes are committed with impunity , Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2 To dissolve , separate objects which are united, to break up , dismiss.
α Of troops, ranks, etc.: ubi ordines procursando solvissent, Liv. 42, 65, 8: incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus, Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6: agmina Diductis solvere choris, Verg. A. 5, 581: solvit maniplos, Juv. 8, 154: solvuntur laudata cohors, Stat. Ach. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle : commissas acies ego possum solvere, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
β Of banquets, assemblies, etc.: convivio soluto, Liv. 40, 14 fin. : convivium solvit, Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16: Quid cessas convivia solvere? Ov. F. 6, 675: coetuque soluto Discedunt, id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised , Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
γ Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse : (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari, Quint. 1, 9, 2: quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet, id. 9, 4, 14: ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates, id. 1, 8, 13: non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poëtae, Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3 Implying a change for the worse.
a To relax , make effeminate , weaken , by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.): Hannibalem hiberna solverunt, Sen. Ep. 51, 5: usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur, Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6: infantiam statim deliciis solvimus, Quint. 1, 2, 6: solutus luxu, id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.: soluti in luxum, Tac. H. 2, 99: in lasciviam, id. ib. 3, 38.—Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm : si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum, Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b To make torpid by removing sensation.
α To relax , benumb the limbs or body; as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt, Lucr. 6, 798: ima Solvuntur latera, Verg. G. 3, 523: solvi debilitate corporis, paralyzed , Val. Max. 1, 7, 4: ut soluto labitur moriens gradu, Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.—Poet.: illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes, Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind: segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos, wearies , Quint. 11, 3, 52: mentes solvere, to make insane , Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
β By frost (poet.): solvuntur illi frigore membra, Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
γ By sleep (poet. for sopio): homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies, Ov. M. 7, 186: corpora somnus Solverat, id. ib. 10, 369: molli languore solutus, id. ib. 11, 648; 11, 612: altoque sopore solutum, id. ib. 8, 817: somno vinoque solutos, id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236: ut membra solvit sopor, id. ib. 12, 867: non solvit pectora somnus, Sen. Agam. 76.—With in : solvitur in somnos, Verg. A. 4, 530.—Transf., of the sea: aequor longā ventorum pace solutum, lulled to sleep , Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
δ By death: solvi, to die (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78: corporibus quae senectus solvit, Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra): (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2: alius inter cenandum solutus est, id. Ep. 66, 43: ubicumque arietaveris, solveris, id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3: me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant, Sen. Troad. 605: solvi inediā, Petr. 111: sic morte quasi somno soluta est, Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4 Of logical dissolution, to refute : non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur, how fallacies are refuted , Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22: argumentum solvere, Quint. 2, 17, 34: solutum scies quod nobis opponitur, Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b To disperse , dispel , as of a cloud: deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia, Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II To loose , remove , cancel that which binds any thing.
A In a corporeal sense.
1 In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo; post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius, Quint. 2, 12, 1: quā convulsā tota operis colligatio solveretur, Val. Max. 8, 14, 6: superā compage solutā, Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2 To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.: nullo solvente catenas, Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7: solvere frenum, Phaedr. 1, 2, 3: loris solutis, Ov. A. A. 1, 41.—Transf., of prisons: qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit, Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost: gelu solvitur, it thaws , Tac. H. 1, 79: solvitur acris hiems, Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds: facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.: Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit, looses his hold , Ov. M. 11, 246: indigno non solvit bracchia collo, Stat. Th. 5, 217: digitis solutis abjecit jaculum, id. ib. 8, 585.—
3 To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.: solve vidulum ergo, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98: eam solve cistulam, id. Am. 2, 2, 151: solve zonam, untie , id. Truc. 5, 62: solvisse jugalem ceston fertur, Stat. Th. 5, 62: animai nodos a corpore solvit, Lucr. 2, 950: nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur, Curt. 3, 1, 18: quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris? Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2: solvere nodum, Stat. Th. 11, 646: laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere, Sen. Tranq. 10, 1: vix solvi duros a pectore nexus, Ov. M. 9, 58: fasciam solve, Sen. Ep. 80, 10: solutis fasciis, Curt. 7, 6, 5: solvi fasciculum, Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2: crinales vittas, Verg. A. 7, 403: Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens, Curt. 7, 2, 25: equum empturus solvi jubes stratum, Sen. Ep. 80, 9: redimicula solvite collo, Ov. F. 4, 135: corollas de fronte, Prop. 1, 3, 21: solvere portas, Stat. Th. 3, 492: munimina valli, id. ib. 12, 10: ille pharetram Solvit, Ov. M. 5, 380.—Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood: solutis ac patefactis venis, Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5: venam cultello solvere, Col. 6, 14; cf. also: lychnis alvum solvit, looses the bowels , Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67: ventrem, Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29: stomachus solutus = venter solutus, loose bowels , Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1 Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a Of the mouth, etc., to open : talibus ora solvit verbis, Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 3, 11, 14: ternis ululatibus ora Solvit, Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Ach. 1, 525: vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor, Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so, os promptius ac solutius, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.—Transf., of an abyss: hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b To remove , cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.: si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum, Gai. Inst. 3, 160: cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur, id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152: morte solvetur compromissum, Dig. 4, 8, 27: soluto matrimonio, ib. 24, 3, 2: solutum conjugium, Juv. 9, 79: qui ... conjugalia solvit, Sen. Med. 144: nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus, Ov. M. 11, 743: (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet, cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong , Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c To efface guilt or wrong: magnis injuria poenis Solvitur, Ov. F. 5, 304: solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas, id. ib. 2, 44: culpa soluta mea est, id. Tr. 4, 4, 10: neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam), Ter. Ad. 164.—
d Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment , i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering , etc. (cf. 3. infra; less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt, Cic. Mil. 31, 85: capite poenas solvit, Sall. J. 69, 4: meritas poenas solventem, Curt. 6, 3, 14: poenarum solvendi tempus, Lucr. 5, 1224: nunc solvo poenas, Sen. Phoen. 172: hac manu poenas tibi solvam, id. Hippol. 1177.—
e To remove , relieve , soothe affections, passions, etc.: atque animi curas e pectore solvat, Lucr. 4, 908: curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere, Hor. Epod. 9, 38: patrimonii cura solvatur, Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. § 2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto, Val. Max. 4, 3, 14: solvite corde metum, Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90: solve metus animo, Stat. Th. 2, 356: solvi pericula et metus narrant, Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, Ov. M. 9, 274: hoc uno solvitur ira modo, id. A. A. 2, 460: solvitque pudorem, Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f Of sleep: quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor, Ov. M. 3, 6, 30: nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes, Luc. 6, 768; cf.: lassitudinem solvere, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
α To raise a siege: solutam cernebat obsidionem, Liv. 36, 10, 14: solutā obsidione, id. 36, 31, 7: ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem, id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init. ; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
β Of passions, etc., to remove restraint : cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus, Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
γ To overthrow , subvert a higher authority, etc.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat, Sall. J. 39, 5: imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui, Sen. Oedip. 525: sonipedes imperia solvunt, id. Hippol. 1084; cf.: sanctitas fori ludis solvitur, Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h Of laws and customs, to abolish , violate : solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum), Curt. 10, 2, 5: solutae a se legis monitus, Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4: cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus, Liv. 8, 4, 7: (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit, id. 1, 49, 7: oportebat istum morem solvi, Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2 Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a To subvert discipline : disciplinam militarem solvisti, Liv. 8, 7, 16: luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse, id. 40, 1, 4: quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset, Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen , impair , weaken , scatter , disperse : nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa, Sall. J. 41, 6: patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: vires solvere, Quint. 9, 4, 7: vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus, Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c Of affection, etc., to sever , dissolve , destroy : segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae, Hor. C. 3, 21, 22; similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26: hoc firmos solvit amores, Ov. A. A. 2, 385: amores cantibus et herbis solvere, Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d Of sickness and hunger, to end , remove : vitex dicitur febres solvere, Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60: solvit jejunia granis, Ov. F. 4, 607: quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat, id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so, famem, Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e To delay : hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur, Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f Of darkness, to dispel : lux solverat umbras, Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g Of war, strife, etc., to compose , settle : aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe, Sen. Phoen. 406: electus formae certamina solvere pastor, Stat. Ach. 2, 337: jurgia solvere, Manil. 3, 115: contradictiones solvere, Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve , explain , remove : quia quaestionem solvere non posset, Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3: aenigmata, Quint. 8, 6, 53: omnes solvere posse quaestiones, Suet. Gram. 11: haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere, Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1: unum tantum hoc solvendum est, that one question , id. ib. 1, 7, 3: puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere, id. Ep. 48, 6: carmina non intellecta Solverat, Ov. M. 7, 760: triste carmen alitis solvi ferae, Sen. Oedip. 102: nodos juris, Juv. 8, 50: proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem, Quint. 5, 10, 96: plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere, id. 1, 10, 49: quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata, id. 3, 7, 3: ambiguitatem or amphiboliam, id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3 In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a To pay.
α Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula: quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine ... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneāque librā, Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.: inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram), Liv. 6, 14, 5: quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit, id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person : pro vecturā rem solvit? paid the freight , Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27: ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus, id. Aul. 3, 5, 51: tibi res soluta est recte, id. Curc. 4, 3, 21: ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessitā meo, id. ib. 5, 2, 20: rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo, id. ib. 5, 3, 45: dum te strenuas, res erit soluta, id. Ps. 2, 2, 35: res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo, id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.—Trop.: saepe edunt (aves); semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi, they repay him , pay for his expenses , Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money: si tergo res solvonda'st, by a whipping , Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54: habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius, id. Curc. 3, 9: tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus, id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
β Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person : cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt, Cic. Fl. 18, 43: ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis, id. ib. 20, 46: misimus qui pro vecturā solveret, id. Att. 1, 3, 2: qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet, Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5: ut creditori solvat, Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers. : si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis, it will be a more valid payment , Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46: numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur, to stop payments , Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84: fraudandi spe sublatā solvendi necessitas consecuta est, id. ib. 2, 24, 84: cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur, Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt , and to pay , in the same sentence: non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere, Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
γ With acc. of the debt, to discharge , to pay : postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut ... solutum relinquas, settled , id. Att. 16, 6, 3: solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam, id. Fl. 23, 54: ex quā (pensione) major pars est ei soluta, id. Att. 16, 2, 1: solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit, Val. Max. 6, 2, 11: aes alienum solvere, Sen. Ep. 36, 5: quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas? id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so, debitum solvere, id. ib. 6, 30, 2: ne pecunias creditas solverent, Cic. Pis. 35, 86: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur, Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1: ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse, Liv. 6, 15, 5: ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts: cum patriae quod debes solveris, Cic. Marcell. 9, 27: debet vero, solvitque praeclare, id. Phil. 13, 11, 25: aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur, Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1: qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit, id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
δ By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money , etc. (for pecuniā rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol. : emi: pecuniam solvi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43: pro frumento nihil solvit, id. ib. 2, 3, 72, § 169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit, Liv. 44, 16: hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset, Nep. Milt. 7, 6: nisi pecuniam solvisset, id. Cim. 1, 1: condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti ... solverent, Liv. 30, 37 med. : pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus, id. 36, 3, 1: pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis, id. 32, 26, 14: pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum, id. 40, 39 fin. : meritam mercedem, id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest ), id. 6, 36, 12: quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur, Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38: stipendium, Liv. 28, 32, 1: dotem mulieri, Dig. 24, 3, 2: litem aestimatam, the amount of a fine , Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin. : arbitria funeris, the expenses of the funeral , Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18: solvere dodrantem, to pay seventy-five per cent ., Mart. 8, 9, 1: dona puer solvit, paid the promised gifts , Ov. M. 9, 794; so, munera, id. ib. 11, 104.—Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors: et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris ... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc., Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq.—Of the delivery of slaves: si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit, Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.—Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief , i. e. have duly mourned , Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject: si (actor) solutus fuisset, Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, β supra). —
ε Esp., in certain phrases, to pay : aliquid praesens solvere, to pay in cash , Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so, aliquid de praesentibus solvere, Sen. Ep. 97, 16: solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae, Vell. 2, 25: quas solvere grates sufficiam? Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit; nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum, Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment : unum haec epistula in debitum solvet, id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliquā re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund ): Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat, Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4: homines dicere, se a me solvere, id. ib. 5, 21, 11: (summa) erat solvenda de meo, Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2: operas solvere alicui, to work for somebody , Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana , i. e. offer a sacrifice to her , Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court , for which security (satisdatio) was required: stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi, Gai. Inst. 4, 90: iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret, Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8; 2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis, a cash auction , Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund. : solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf. in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset, Liv. 31, 13: nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur, Dig. 50, 17, 105: qui modo solvendo sint, Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121: si solvendo sint, Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1: nec interest, solvendo sit, necne, Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent : solvendo non erat, Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3: cum solvendo civitates non essent, id. Fam. 3, 8, 2: tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 4: ne videatur non fuisse solvendo, id. Off. 2, 22, 79; and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es, Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.: *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay), Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b To fulfil the duty of burial.
α Justa solvere; with dat. of the person : qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset, who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father , Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23: justis defunctorum corporibus solutis, Curt. 3, 12, 15: proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus, id. 10, 6, 7: ut justa soluta Remo, Ov. F. 5, 452: nunc justa nato solve, Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
β Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere: exsequiis rite solutis, Verg. A. 7, 5: cruor sancto solvit inferias viro, Sen. Hippol. 1198: solvere suprema militibus, Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
α Alone: vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit, Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11: quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse, Liv. 31, 9 fin. : liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis, id. 40, 44, 8: placatis diis votis rite solvendis, id. 36, 37 fin. : petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret, id. 45, 44: animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum, Sen. Ep. 73, 5: vota pro incolumitate solvebantur, Tac. A. 2, 69: vota pater solvit, Ov. M. 9, 707: ne votum solvat, Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. —Poet.: voti debita solvere, Ov. F. 5, 596; cf. the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO), Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.: V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI), ib. 2022 et saep.: sacra solvere (=votum solvere), Manil. 1, 427.—
β With dat.: ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere, Plaut. Rud. prol. 60: vota Jovi solvo, Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153: sunt vota soluta deae, id. F. 6, 248: dis vota solvis, Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4: libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta), Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, exsolvere; cf.: fidem obligatam liberare, Suet. Claud. 9): illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere, Flor. 1, 1, 12; similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat), Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 642: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken , Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext. : factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact , i. e. he revoked the gifts , although already made , Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare): perinde quasi promissum solvens, Val. Max. 9, 6, 1: solvitur quod cuique promissum est, Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin. ; similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur, what they had promised under oath , Liv. 24, 18, 5.
CV —Hence, sŏlūtus , a, um, P. a., free , loose , at large , unfettered , unbandaged.
A Lit.
1 (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11: tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto, id. Ep. 5, 2, 25: reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines, id. Truc. 4, 3, 63: cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat? Cic. Deiot. 7, 22: nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus, unbandaged , id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit, Liv. 27, 51: eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant, id. 24, 45, 10: non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit, Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2 (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose , friable (opp spissus; postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus, Sen. Ep. 90, 21; ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur, Col. 2, 9: soluta et facilis terra, id. 3, 14; solum solutum vel spissum, id. 2, 2 init. ; seri vult raphanus terrā solutā, umidā, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83: hordeum seri non vult, nisi in siccā et solutā terrā, id. 18, 7, 18, § 79: solutiores ripae, Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants: mas spissior, femina solutior, Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum , i, n., a state of looseness : dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur, Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3 (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied , thin , diffused : turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur, Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3: aër agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est, id. ib. 1, 2, 10: debet aër nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc., id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B Trop.
1 (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered , fluent , ready : (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis, Cic. Or. 47, 173: verbis solutus satis, id. ib. 47, 174: solutissimus in dicendo, id. ib. 48, 180.—
2 Exempt , free from duties, obligations, etc.: quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus? Cic. Planc. 30, 72: soluta (praedia) meliore in causā sunt quam obligata, unmortgaged , id. Agr. 3, 2, 9: si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber, Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5; non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim, id. ib. 4, 21, 3; solutus omni fenore, Hor. Epod. 2, 4; nam eā (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse, Liv. 8, 32, 5: Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3 Free from punishment , not punishable , not liable , etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.: quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est ... noxali judicio subjectum non esse, Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17: apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam, Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum, i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished , id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poenā fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf. : maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc., Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4 Free from cares , undistracted : animo soluto liberoque, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185: sed paulo solutiore tamen animo, id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5 At leisure , free from labor , business , etc.: te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas, Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2: quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit, id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.: Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis, Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6 Unbound , relaxed , merry , jovial : quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc., Cic. Dom. 39, 104: an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere? Sen. Ep. 23, 4: vultus, Stat. Th. 5, 355: (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt, unembarrassed , Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7 Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled , independent : cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam, Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1: ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania, Liv. 29, 1 fin. : Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit, Val. Max. 7, 2, 6: incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt, Tac. A. 2, 4: quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat, Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals: rectore solutos (solis) equos, Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8 Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent , unbiassed , unprejudiced : nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera, Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66; cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur, id. Div. 1, 2, 4: judicio senatus soluto et libero, id. Phil. 5, 15, 41: sum enim ad dignitatem in re publicā solutus, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio, id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publicā non alius essem atque nunc sum, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant, uncommitted , id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9 Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled , insolent , loose : amores soluti et liberi, Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: licentia, id. ib. 4, 4, 4: populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint, id. ib. 1, 34, 53: quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere, id. Mil. 13, 34: quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat, Liv. 27, 31 fin. : adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat, id. 2, 1, 2: solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur, a licentious life , Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere, Suet. Aug. 44: mores soluti, licentious habits , Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10 Regardless of rules , careless , loose : orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu, Cic. Brut. 62, 225: dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia, Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11 Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
α Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style , conversational or epistolary style : est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis, Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
β More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse); in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit, Cic. Or. 52, 174: mollis est enim oratio philosophorum ... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius, id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234; 68, 228: si omnes solutā oratione scripserunt, Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui; de oratione solutā duos, de poëticā unum, id. L. L. 6, 11 fin. : ut in solutā oratione, sic in poëmateis, id. ib. 7, 1: primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in solutā oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari, Cic. Brut. 8, 32: Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio, id. Or. 57, 192: et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari, id. ib. 64, 215: a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio, id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
γ Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose , unrhythmical , inharmonious : ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi ... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur, Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186: nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris, id. Brut. 79, 274: orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto, id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning , i.e. metaphors , Manil. 1, 24.—
δ Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary , disconnected style : soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structurā caret, Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69: solutiora componere, id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12 Effeminate , luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.): sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est, Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13 Undisciplined , disorderly : omnia soluta apud hostes esse, Liv. 8, 30, 3: nihil temeritate solutum, Tac. A. 13, 40: apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere, Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14 Lax , remiss , weak : mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat, Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27: Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem, Tac. Or. 18: soluti ac fluentes, Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence: solutum genus orationis, a lifeless , dull style , Val. Max. 8, 10, 3: quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore curā, laxer attention , Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C (Acc. to II. B. 3. ε supra.) Paid , discharged , only as subst.: sŏlūtum , i, n., that which is paid , a discharged debt , in certain phrases: aliquid in solutum dare, to give something in payment , Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment : qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit, Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4: qui rem in solutum accipit, Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19; in solutum imputare, to charge as payment , Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled : pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse, Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor , but not belonging to him : pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causā recepit, Dig. 41, 3, 46.—Adv.: sŏlūtē .
1 Thinly : corpora diffusa solute, Lucr. 4, 53.—
2 Of speech, fluently : non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere, Cic. Brut. 29, 110: ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias, id. ib. 81, 280: quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur, Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3 Irregularly , loosely : a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita, Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4 Freely , without restraint : generaliter puto judicem justum ... solutius aequitatem sequi, i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law , Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5 Of style, without connection , loosely : enuntiare, Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6 Of manners and discipline, disorderly , negligently : praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus), Liv. 39, 1, 4: in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes, id. 23, 37, 6.—
7 Weakly , tamely , without vigor : quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter, Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8 Of morals, loosely , without restraint : ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret, Tac. A. 13, 47.