sto, stĕti, stătum, 1 (scanned stĕtĕrunt, Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. H. 7, 166; Prop. 2, 8, 10), v. n. [root sta-; Sanscr. sthā, sthalam, locus; Gr. στα-, ἵστημι, to set, place; στατήρ, weight; O. H. Germ. stām; Goth. standa; Engl. stand], to stand, in opposition to sitting, walking, or lying prostrate, to stand still, remain standing, stand upright.
I Lit.
A In gen.: hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, Illi qui astant, hi stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.; cf.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sellā sederet, Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104: si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 74: abi intro, noli stare, id. Mil. 4, 3, 36; so (opp. ire) id. Merc. 3, 3, 21; id. Mil. 4, 2, 95; 4, 9, 10; id. Pers. 3, 3, 43; 4, 4, 50; Ter. Eun. 459; 465: i: quid stas, lapis? id. Heaut. 831: ante aedes, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 56; 1, 1, 250; 2, 2, 35; id. Truc. 2, 3, 14: ante ostium, Ter. Eun. 843; id. And. 475; id. Hec. 428; 854: ante oculos, Ov. Am. 1, 5, 17: ad januam, Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353: ad undam, Verg. G. 4, 356: orantem juxta, Stat. Th. 11, 618: hic foris, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 12: hinc procul, Ter. Hec. 607: propter in occulto, Cic. Clu. 28, 78; cf.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 3: propius, Hor. A. P. 361: sta ilico, Ter. Phorm. 196: qui frequentissimi in gradibus concordiae steterunt, Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21: stans pede in uno, Hor. S. 1, 4, 10 et saep.—Of things: ita statim stant signa, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120: quorum statuae steterunt in Rostris, Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4: statua, id. Div. 1, 34, 75: signa ad impluvium, ad valvas Junonis, id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61: stabat acuta silex, Verg. A. 8, 233: columna, Hor. C. 1, 35, 14: cerea effigies, id. S. 1, 8, 32; cf. poet.: aeneus ut stes, id. ib. 2, 3, 183.— Pass. impers.: Ps. Statur hic ad hunc modum. Sim. Statum vide hominis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 44: Gn. Quid agitur? Pa. Statur, Ter. Eun. 271: confecto munerum cursu moriar stando, Amm. 24, 3, 7.—Prov.: inter sacrum saxumque sto, nec quid faciam scio, i.e. I am in a pinch , Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; v. sacrum.—
B In partic.
1 Pregn., to stand firm or immovable; to last , remain , continue : cui nec arae patriae domi stant; fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 115 Vahl.): nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic. Lael. 7, 23: stantibus Hierosolymis, id. Fl. 28, 69: ut praeter spem stare muros viderunt, Liv. 38, 5: urbem innoxiam stare incolumem pati, id. 31, 31, 15: hasta, quae radice novā, non ferro stabat adacto, stuck fast , remained fixed , Ov. M. 15, 562: missum stetit inguine ferrum, id. ib. 5, 132; cf. id. ib. 5, 34; 8, 415: stat glacies iners, Hor. C. 2, 9, 5: aquae, Ov. M. 4, 732: longā stare senectā, Sil. 3, 94: cornus stetit inter tempora frontis, id. 4, 142.—
2 To remain , tarry , linger any where (cf. moror): paulisper stetimus in illā ganearum tuarum nidore atque fumo, Cic. Pis. 6, 13: hos quos video volitare in foro, quos stare ad curiam, id. Cat. 2, 3, 5: cur non aut stantem comprehenderint, aut fugientem consecuti sint, remaining in the city , id. Cael, 28, 67; so (opp. fugio), id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, id. Phil. 2, 4, 8: qui domi stare non poterant, id. id. Fl. 6, 13: (meretrix) olente in fornice stans, Hor. S. 1, 2, 30; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 10, 21; Juv. 10, 239; cf. of minerals not attracted by the magnet: pondere enim fretae partim stant, quod genus aurum, Lucr. 6, 1058. —
3 In milit. lang.
a To stand in the ranks or under arms , to fight : quisque uti steterat, jacet obtinetque ordinem, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 86: ut sustinere corpora plerique nequeuntes arma sua quisque stantes incumberet, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 229 (H. 3, 72 Dietsch): cum milites a mane diei jejuni sub armis stetissent defatigati, Auct. B. Afr. 42, 3: primo haud impari stetere acie, Liv. 26, 44: in Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, id. 37, 58: in acie, Auct. B. Hisp. 28 fin. : pars acie stabat, Auct. B. Afr. 51, 6: stetit acies in armis, Sen. Phoen. 389; cf.: stetit ordine certo Infelix acies, Luc. 7, 2, 16.—
b Pregn., to stand firm in fight, stand one's ground , maintain the contest (opp. abjecto scuto fugere), Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.: in acie stare ac pugnare (opp. in castra refugere), Liv. 22, 60, 25: Tarquiniensis, novus hostis non stetit solum, sed etiam ab suā parte Romanum pepulit, id. 2, 6, 11: comminus, Caes. B. C. 1, 47: inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43; cf.: contra leonem, Spart. Carac. 5.—
c Transf., of a battle, to last , hold out , continue (a favorite expression of Livy): ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv. 29, 2: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, id. 27, 2: ita anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, id. 8, 38: primo stetit ambiguā spe pugna, id. 7, 7.—
4 Nautical t. t., to lie , to lie or ride at anchor : ante hostium portus in salo stare, Liv. 37, 16; Auct. B. Afr. 62: naves regiae in sinu Maliaco, Liv. 36, 20: classis instructa in portu, id. 37, 11: classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. B. Afr. 62, 4: litore puppes, Verg. A. 6, 901.—
5 Of servants, to stand , wait , attend (very rare): neque pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 2: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter. Eun. 594: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet. Caes. 49; cf.: ad pedes, id. Galb. 22.—
6 Of buildings, cities, etc., to stand finished , be erected (mostly poet.): intra annum nova urbs stetit, Liv. 6, 4, 6: jam stabant Thebae, Ov. M. 3, 131: moenia jam stabant, id. F. 3, 181: stet Capitolium Fulgens, Hor. C. 3, 3, 42: aedificant muros ... Stabat opus, Ov. M. 11, 205: jam stare ratem, Val. Fl. 1, 96.—
7 Of the countenance, to be unmoved , to be at rest (poet.): stat num quam facies, Luc. 5, 214: stant ora metu, are rigid , Val. Fl. 4, 639; cf.: cur ad patrios non stant tua lumina vultus, Stat. Th. 10, 693.—
8 To stand up , stand upright , stand on end; to bristle up , stiffen , etc. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): papillae, Lucil. ap. Non. 391, 26: mammae, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 249: steterunt comae, Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. M. 7, 631; cf. id. ib. 10, 425: crines fulvi pulvere, Stat. Th. 3, 326: setae, Ov. M. 8, 286: in vertice cristae, id. ib. 6, 672: aristae, id. ib. 10, 655: stantes oculi, prominent , Ov. F. 6, 133: oculis rigentibus et genis stantibus, fixed , Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 49. —In mal. part., Mart. 3, 73, 2; Ap. Met. 2, 7, 15; Auct. Priap. 75, 2.—Rarely of fluids, to coagulate , stiffen : sanguis stetit, Sen. Oedip. 585.—
9 With abl., to stand out with , be thick with , full of any thing (mostly poet.): stant pulvere campi, Enn. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 1, 9, 1 (Ann. v. 592 Vahl.): cupressi Stant rectis foliis, id. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 2, 444 (Ann. v. 268 ib.): stat sentibu' fundus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. And. 699; Titin. ap. Non. 391, 21; so, ager sentibus, Caecil. ib. 391, 23: vides ut altā stet nive candidum Soracte, Hor. C. 1, 9, 1: caelum caligine stat, Sisenn. ap. Non. 392, 8: pulvere caelum, Verg. A. 12, 408: pulvereo globo astra, Stat. Th. 7, 124: stant lumina (Charontis) flammā, Verg. A. 6, 300: stant pulvere Syrtes, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 257.
II Trop.
A In gen., to stand : mentes, rectae quae stare solebant, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.): stetisse ipsum in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint. 12, 1, 20.—
B In partic.
1 Pregn., to stand one's ground , stand firm or unshaken; to endure , persevere , persist , abide , continue : moribus antiquis res stat Romana virisque, Enn. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21 (Ann. v. 492 Vahl.): disciplinam militarem, quā stetit ad hanc diem Romana res, solvisti, Liv. 8, 7: res publica staret, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf. id. Cat. 2, 10, 21: stante urbe et curiā, id. Planc. 29, 71: ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit, id. Cael. 1, 1: utinam res publica stetisset, quo coeperat statu, id. Off. 2, 1, 3: qui illam (rem publicam) cadere posse stante me non putārant, id. Fam. 6, 6, 2: ut stante re publicā facere solebamus, id. Off. 2, 1, 3: neque enim aliter stare possemus, id. Sest. 45, 97: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, quibusque munitus fuerim, non ignoras, id. Fam. 13, 29, 7; cf.: eorum auxilio, qui me stante stare non poterant, id. ib. 7, 2, 3: respublica stetit virtute tuā, Liv. 4, 40: stetit regnum puero, id. 1, 3: dum stetimus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 17: stamus animis, Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2: stas animo, Hor. S. 2, 3, 213: Gabinium sine provinciā stare non posse, could not hold out , subsist , Cic. Pis. 6, 12; cf. id. Fl. 6, 14; Suet. Oth. 5: nedum sermonum stet honos, Hor. A. P. 69.—Hence, nearly—esse, tantā stat praedita culpā (natura), Lucr. 5, 199: pausam stare fragori, id. 1, 747.—
b (Acc. to its use as a milit. t. t., v. supra, I. B. 3.) To maintain the contest : cum in senatu pulcherrime staremus, Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—
c Stare in aliquā re , simply aliquā re , and post-class. also alicui rei , to stand firm , persist , persevere; to rest , abide , adhere to , continue in a thing.
α In aliquā re : si in fide non stetit, Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28: sin in eo non stat, id. Att. 2, 4, 1: stare oportet in eo, quod sit judicatum, id. Fin. 1, 14, 47: in sententiā, Liv. 4, 44.—
β With abl.: eā omnes stant sententiā, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 35: suis stare judiciis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81: censoris opinione, id. Clu. 47, 132: alicujus decreto, Caes. B. G. 6, 13: stare conditionibus, Cic. Att. 7, 15, 2: stare conventis, id. Off. 3, 25, 95: stare jurejurando, Quint. 5, 6, 4: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 4.— Pass. impers. : stabitur consilio, Liv. 7, 35: etsi priore foedere staretur, id. 21, 19: famā rerum standum est, id. 7, 6.—
γ With dat.: arbitri sententiae stare, Dig. 4, 7, 23 fin. : voluntati patris, ib. 26, 7, 3; 36, 3, 6: rei judicatae, ib. 42, 1, 32: emptioni, ib. 19, 1, 13; ib. 4, 8, 27 (five times) et saep.—
δ Stat sententia, aliquid , or, impersonally, stat ( alicui ), the determination stands or holds good; I ( thou , he , etc.) am determined: Pa. Vide quid agas. Ph. Stat sententia, Ter. Eun. 224: Hannibal, postquam ipsi sententia stetit, pergere ire, Liv. 21, 30: stat sententia tradere mecum Dotalem patriam, Ov. M. 8, 67: modo nobis stet illud, unā vivere in studiis nostris, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5: stat pectore fixum, Aeetae sociare manus, Val. Fl. 5, 289: nos in Asiam convertemus: neque adhuc stabat, quo potissimum, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 2: mihi stat alere morbum, Nep. Att. 21, 6: quos ut seponi stetit, Sil. 3, 68: stat, casus renovare omnes, Verg. A. 2, 750. —
d In aliquā re , or simply aliquā re , to rest on , be fixed on , depend upon , etc.: omnis in Ascanio stat cura parentis, Verg. A. 1, 646: regnum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv. 45, 19: quā (disciplinā) stetit Romana res, id. 8, 7: hac arte (i.e. bello) in patriā steti, id. 5, 44, 2; Val. Fl. 3, 673; Verg. A. 2, 163: magis famā quam vi stare res suas, Tac. A. 6, 30: apud quos virtute quam pecuniā res Romana melius stetit, id. H. 2, 69 fin. : famā bella stare, Curt. 3, 8, 7.—
2 In theatr. lang., of plays and actors, to stand , i.e. to please , take , succeed : quod si intellegeret, cum stetit olim nova (fabula), Actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter. Phorm. 9 sq.: partim vix steti, Ter. Hec. 15: securus, cadat an recto stat fabula talo, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, Hoc stabant, hoc sunt imitandi, id. S. 1, 10, 17.—
3 Stare, ab , cum , or pro aliquo , or aliquā re , or with adv. loci , to stand by , on the side of , adhere to a person or thing, take the part of : ut nemo contra civium perditorum dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causā steterit constantius, Cic. Brut. 79, 273: a se potius quam ab adversariis, id. Inv. 1, 43, 81: a mendacio contra verum, id. ib. 1, 3, 4: a contrariā ratione, Auct. Her. 4, 2, 4: cum di prope ipsi cum Hannibale starent, Liv. 26, 41, 17; 5, 38: stabat cum eo senatus majestas, id. 8, 34, 1: nobiscum adversus bar, baros, Nep. Ages. 5, 4: si pro meā patriā ista virtus staret, Liv. 2, 12: pro jure gentium, id. 38, 25: pro vobis adversus reges stetimus, id. 45, 22, 10; 23, 8, 3 Fabri ad loc.: pro Jubā atque Afris, Quint. 11, 1, 80: pro signis, Ov. A. A. 1, 200: quamvis duces non essent praesentes, staret tamen pro partibus invicta fortuna ultoris, Flor. 4, 7, 10: hic primo pro Pompei partibus, mox simulatione contra Pompeium stetit, Vell. 2, 48, 4: voluptas pro iisdem partibus standi, Sen. Vit. Beat. 4, 1; cf.: et dii quoque pro meliore stant causā, Curt. 4, 1, 13: hinc stas, illinc causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 48: unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Just. 5, 4, 12: non semper vostra evortet: nunc Juppiter hac stat, stands at your side , stands by you , Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565.—So with in : Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11, 18.—
4 Stare per aliquem , to stand to one's account , be chargeable or owing to one; to lie at one's door , be one's fault; followed by a negative consequence or effect, expressed by quin , quominus , or ne.
α With quin : quoniam per eum non stetisset, quin praestaretur, etc., Liv. 2, 31, 11 Weissenb.ad loc.—
β With quominus (freq.): si poterit fieri, ut ne pater per me stetisse credat, Quominus haec fierent nuptiae, volo: sed si id non poterit, Id faciam in proclivi quod est, per me stetisse, ut credat, Ter. And. 699 sq.: Caesar ubi cognovit per Afranium stare, quominus proelio dimicaretur, Caes. B. C. 1, 41: graviter eam rem tulerunt, quod stetisse per Trebonium, quominus oppido potirentur, videbatur, id. ib. 2, 13; so, nec, quominus perpetua cum eis amicitia esset, per populum Romanum stetisse, Liv. 8, 2, 2; 9, 14, 1; 6, 33, 2; 44, 14, 12.—
γ With ne : ne praestaremus per vos stetit, qui, etc., Liv. 45, 23, 6: non per milites stetisse, ne vincerent, id. 3, 61, 2: quasi per ipsum staret, ne redderetur, Suet. Aug. 28.—Rarely without the negation; so with ut : per quam (ignorantiam) stetit, ut tibi obligarer, Plin. Ep. 10, 6 (22), 2; cf. Ter. And. 700 supra; absol. : id est, non per me stetit, sed per illud, Quint. 3, 6, 78; with subj.-clause : si per eum non stetit, parere defuncti voluntati, Dig. 32, 1, 36.—
5 Of price, to stand one in , to come to , to cost (mostly post-Aug.): Periclum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 82: Polybius scribit, centum talentis eam rem Achaeis stetisse, Liv. 34, 50; cf.: sit argumento tibi gratis stare navem, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48: haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo Hospitia, Verg. A. 10, 494: quae neque magno Stet pretio, Hor. S. 1, 2, 122: multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv. 23, 30: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, id. 3, 60: utrique vindicta libertatis morte stetit, Vell. 2, 64, 3: heu quanto regnis nox stetit una tuis? Ov. F. 2, 812 et saep.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 1.