a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole , the cause for the effect , or the contrary , a proper for a common noun , etc., synecdoche , Quint. 8, 6, 18 sq.; 8, 6, 28; Charis. p. 245 P.; Diom. p. 453 ib. ( Quint. 9, 3, 58, written as Greek).