ulter, tra, trum, adj. (comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.
I Comp. : ultĕrĭor , ĭus, farther , on the farther side , that is beyond , ulterior : quis est ulterior? Ter. Phorm. 600: quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem, i. e. transalpine , Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36: Gallia, id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7: portus, id. ib. 4, 23: Hispania, Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56: pars urbis, Liv. 34, 20, 5: ripa, Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1: ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat, Ov. M. 2, 417.—
B As subst.
1 ul-tĕrĭōres , um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote , or more distant persons, those beyond : cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant, Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis; ulteriores non inventi, Liv. 3, 60, 7: proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius, Tac. G. 17.—
2 ultĕrĭōra , um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).
α Of places, the more remote parts or regions , the districts beyond : Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit, Tac. H. 4, 77.—
β In gen., of things, that which is beyond , things beyond , farther , or in addition; things future : ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi, Tac. H. 4, 8: ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus, things beyond , what is to come , Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.: pudor est ulteriora loqui, Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769: semper et inventis ulteriora petit, id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—
3 Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus , ōris, n., something more , any thing further : cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur, Quint. 1, 6, 26.—
II Sup. : ultĭmus , a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest , most distant , most remote , the uttermost , extreme , last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing , etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).
A Lit., of space: illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: partes, id. ib. 6, 20, 20: in ultimam provinciam se conjecit, id. Att. 5, 16, 4: devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras, Liv. 21, 10, 12: orae, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2: campi, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95: Hesperia, Hor. C. 1, 36, 4: Africa, id. ib. 2, 18, 4: Geloni, id. ib. 2, 20, 18: in plateā ultimā, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15: in ultimis aedibus, Ter. Heaut. 902: spelunca draconis, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3: cauda, i. e. the end of , Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11: mors ultima linea rerum est, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—
2 Subst.
α ultĭmi , ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people: recessum primis ultimi non dabant, Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—
β ultĭma , ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things : praeponens ultima primis, Hor. S. 1, 4, 59: ultima signant, the goal , Verg. A. 5, 317.—
γ Rarely sing.: ultĭmum , i, n., the last , the end : caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est, Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—
B Transf.
1 Of time or order of succession, the remotest , earliest , oldest , first; the last , latest , final : ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43: tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis, id. Fin. 1, 20, 65: tempora, id. Leg. 1, 3. 8: initium, Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14: principium, Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5: memoria pueritiae, id. Arch. 1, 1: memoria saeculorum, Just. 12, 16, 3: vetustas hominum, id. 2, 1, 20: sanguinis auctor, Verg. A. 7, 49: ultima quid referam? Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last , id .M. 3, 135: aetas est de ferro, id. ib. 1, 127: vox, id. ib. 3, 499: dicta, id. ib. 9, 126: lapis, i. e. a gravestone , Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will , testament , Mart. 4, 70, 2: aetas, Quint. 12, 4, 2: senectus, id. 11, 1, 10: virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis, Liv. 4, 28, 5: decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum, Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma , ōrum, n.: perferto et ultima exspectato, final events , the end , Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2: ultima vitae, Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.: matrem ultimo aetatis affectam, Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.: si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset, to the last , Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last , lastly , finally , = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo: si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset, Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3: ne se ad ultimum perditum irent, id. 26, 27, 10; so, ultimo, Suet. Ner. 32 fin. ; Petr. 20, 139; and, ultimum, for the last time , Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; Ap. Met. 2, 27, 4.—
2 Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.
a The utmost , extreme , the highest , first , greatest , = summus, extremus: summum bonum, quod ultimum appello, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30: ultimae perfectaeque naturae, id. N. D. 2, 12, 33: ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola, Quint. 2, 2, 15: ultimae causae cur perirent, etc., Hor. C. 1, 16, 18: scelus, Curt. 5, 12, 17: rex ad ultimum periculum venit, id. 7, 6, 22: facinus, id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11: necessitas, id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5: ad ultimam inopiam adducere, Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2: ad ultimos casus servari, id. 27, 10, 11: dedecus, Curt. 9, 5, 11: exsecrationes, Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital ) punishment , Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so, poena, Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8: desperatio, Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2: discrimen ultimum vitae et regni, Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2: ad ultimam perductus tristitiam, Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma , ōrum, n.: omnia ultima pati, every extremity , the worst , Liv. 37, 54, 2: ultima pati, Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6: ultima audere, Liv. 3, 2, 11: priusquam ultima experirentur, id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.: paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas, Vell. 2, 125, 2: ad ultimum inopiae adducere, to the last degree . Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1: ad ultimum periculi pervenire, Curt. 8, 1, 15.—Trop.: ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire, Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.: ad ultimum pro fide morituri, Curt. 3, 1, 7: consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens, in the extreme , utterly , to the last degree , Liv. 28, 28, 8.—
b The lowest , meanest (very rare): qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae, Vell. 1, 11, 1: principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17: ultima pistoris illa uxor, the worst , Ap. Met. 9, 17, 6.—Subst.: ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul), Liv. 34, 18, 5: in ultimis laudum, id. 30, 30, 4: in ultimis ponere, the lowest , meanest things , Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.