-
gunner, of a ship of war
A warrant-officer appointed to take charge of the ammunition and artillery on board; to keep the lat...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
master of a ship-of-war
An officer appointed by the commissioners of the navy to attend to the navigating a ship under the d...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain of a merchant ship
Is a certificated officer in the mercantile marine, intrusted with the entire charge of a ship, both...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
war-ship
Any ship equipped for offence and defence; whereas man-of-war generally signifies a vessel belonging...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
back, of a ship
The keel and kelson are figuratively thus termed.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bulk of a ship
Implies the whole cargo when stowed in the hold.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
carcass of a ship
The ribs, with keel, stem, and stern-post, after the planks are stripped off.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
caulking of a ship
Forcing a quantity of oakum, or old ropes untwisted and drawn asunder, into the seams of the planks,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eyes of a ship
(See eyes of her.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
freight of a ship
The hire, or part thereof, usually paid for the carriage and conveyance of goods by sea; or the sum ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
loading of a ship
See cargo and lading.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
rig of a ship
The disposition of the masts, cut of sails, &c., whether square or fore-and-aft rigs. In fact, the r...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
track of a ship
The line of a ship's course through the water. (See wake.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
tread of a ship or keel
The length of her keel.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
trees of a ship
The chess-trees, the cross-trees, the rough-trees, the trestle-trees, and the waste-trees.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Men-of-war
·pl of <<Manofwar>>.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
articles of war
A code of rules and orders based on the act of parliament for the regulation and government of Her M...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
contraband of war
Arms, ammunition, and all stores which may aid hostilities; masts, ship-timber going to an enemy's p...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
council-of-war
The assemblage of officers for concerting measures of moment, too often deemed the symbol of irresol...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
declaration of war
A ceremonial frequently omitted, and esteemed by the greatest authorities rather a proof of magnanim...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fortune of war
The usual consolation in reverses "Fortune de la guerre," or the chances of war.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
habiliments of war
A statute term, for arms and all provisions for maintaining war.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
honours of war
Favourable terms granted to a capitulating enemy on evacuating a fortress; they vary in degree, acco...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
man-of-war
Any vessel in the royal navy.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
prisoners of war
Men who are captured after an engagement, who are deprived of their liberty until regularly exchange...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
·OF
(abbreviation) Old French
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Of
·prep During; in the course of.
II. Of ·prep Denoting passage from one state to another; from.
III...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
of
An action of the organs of sense may be either involuntary or voluntary. Accordingly we say to hear,...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
chainage of ship
An old right of the admiral.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fore-part of a ship
The bay, or all before the fore-hatches.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
mate of a merchant-ship
The officer who commands in the absence of the master, and shares the duty with him at sea. (See chi...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
supernatant part of a ship
That part which, when afloat, is above the water. This was formerly expressed by the name dead-work....
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain of the fleet
Is a temporary admiralty appointment; he is entitled to be considered as a flag-officer, and to a sh...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain of the head
Not a recognized rating, but an ordinary man appointed to attend to the swabs, and to keep the ship'...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain of the hold
The last of the captains in rank, as a first-class petty officer.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain of the port
The captain of the port is probably better explained by referring to that situation at Gibraltar. He...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
man-of-war bird
, or frigate bird.
♦ Fregata aquila, a sea-bird of the family Pelecanidæ, found in the tropics, re...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
man-of-war fashion
A state of order, tidiness, and good discipline.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
portuguese man-of-war
A beautiful floating acalephan of the tropical seas; the Physalia pelagica.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
steam sloop-of-war
One commanded by a commander.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Captain
·adj Chief; superior.
II. Captain ·noun A head, or chief officer.
III. Captain ·noun A military le...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Captain
1) Heb. sar (1 Sam. 22:2; 2 Sam. 23:19). Rendered "chief," Gen. 40:2; 41:9; rendered also "prince," ...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
captain
Led captain; an humble dependant in a great family, who for a precarious subsistence, and distant ho...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
captain
I.
This title is said to be derived from the eastern military magistrate katapan, meaning "over ev...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Captain
As a purely military title, "captain" answers to sar in the Hebrew army and tribune in the Roman.
T...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
War
·adj Ware; aware.
II. War ·noun Forces; army.
III. War ·noun Instruments of war.
IV. War ·noun Th...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
War
The Israelites had to take possession of the Promised Land by conquest. They had to engage in a long...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
war
1) worse ; WAR AND WAR, worse and worse. Var. Dial.
2) beware.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
war
A contest between princes or states, which, not being determinable otherwise, is referred to the dec...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
War
The most important topic in connection with war is the formation of the army which is destined to ca...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
chamber of a piece of ordnance
The end of the bore modified to receive the charge of powder. In mortars, howitzers, and shell-guns,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
muzzle of a piece of ordnance
The forward extremity of the cylinder, and the metal which surrounds it, extending back to the neck,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
A. F. of L.
·add. ·- American Federation of Labor.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
birds of a feather
Rogues of the same gang.
...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
son of a gun
This phrase is heard in low language with us as in England.
...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
boll of a tree
the stem, trunk, or body. N.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
newst of a newstness
i. e. much of a muchness. Glouc.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
abandonment of a vessel
Deserting and abandoning her by reason of unseaworthiness or danger of remaining in her, also when g...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
antecedent of a ratio
The first of the two terms.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bar of a harbour
See bar of a port
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bar of a port
or bar of a harbour
An accumulated shoal or bank of sand, shingle, gravel, or other uliginous subs...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
barrel of a capstan
The cylinder between the whelps and the paul rim, constituting the main-piece.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
barrel of a pump
The wooden tube which forms the body of the engine.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bed of a mortar
The solid frame on which a mortar is mounted for firing. For sea-service it is generally made of woo...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
body, of a place
In fortification, the space inclosed by the enceinte, or line of bastions and curtains.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
breaking of a gale
Indications of a return of fine weather; short gusts at intervals; moaning or whistling of the wind ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
breech of a cannon
The after-end, next the vent or touch-hole. It is the most massive part of a gun; strictly speaking,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
broth of a boy
An excellent, though roystering fellow.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bunt of a sail
The middle part of it, formed designedly into a bag or cavity, that the sail may gather more wind. I...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capital of a work
In fortification, an imaginary line bisecting its most prominent salient angle.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
carriage of a gun
The frame on which it is mounted for firing, constructed either exclusively for this purpose, or als...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
chamber of a mine
The seat or receptacle prepared for the powder-charge, usually at the end of the gallery, and out of...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
chase of a gun
That part of the conical external surface extending from the moulding in front of the trunnions to t...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
clue of a hammock
The combination of small lines by which it is suspended, being formed of knittles, grommets, and lan...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
cogs of a wheel
; applies to all wheel machinery now used at sea or on shore: thus windlass-cogs, capstan-cogs, &c.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
coom of a wave
The comb or crest. The white summit when it breaks.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
crater of a mine
Synonymous with funnel (which see).
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
depth of a sail
The extent of the square sails from the head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
detention of a vessel
: on just ground, as supposed war, suspicious papers, undue number of men, found hovering, or cargo ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
ears of a boat
The knee-pieces at the fore-part on the outside at the height of the gunwale.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
ears of a pump
The support of the bolt for the handle or break.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
end of a trench
The place where the trenches are opened.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eye of a stay
That part of a stay which is formed into a sort of collar to go round the mast-head; the eye and mou...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eyes of a messenger
Eyes spliced in its ends to lash together.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
face of a gun
The surface of the metal at the extremity of the muzzle.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
faces of a work
In fortification, are the two lines forming its most prominent salient angle.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fetch of a gulf
The whole stretch from head to head, or point to point.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fetch of a bay or gulf
The whole stretch from head to head, or point to point.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
flight of a shot
The trajectory formed between the muzzle of the gun and the first graze.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fly of a flag
The breadth from the staff to the extreme end that flutters loose in the wind. If an ensign, the par...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
gallery of a mine
The passage of horizontal communication, as distinguished from the shaft or vertical descent, made u...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
handles of a gun
The dolphins.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head of a comet
The brighter part of a comet, from which the tail proceeds.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head of a mast
, or mast-head.
The upper part of any mast, or that whereon the caps or trucks are fitted.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head of a work
In fortification, the part most advanced towards the enemy. In progressive works, such as siege-appr...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
heel of a mast
The lower end, which either fits into the step attached to the keel, or in top-masts is sustained by...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
hood of a pump
A frame covering the upper wheel of a chain-pump.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
hullock of a sail
A small part lowered in a gale.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
jaw of a block
The space in the shell where the sheave revolves.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
lay of a rope
The direction in which its strands are twisted; hawser is right-handed; cablet left-handed.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
mate of a watch
The senior or passed midshipman is responsible to the officer of the watch. He heaves the log, inser...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
mouldings of a gun
The several rings and ornaments.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
neck of a gun
The narrow part where the chase meets the swell of the muzzle.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
nucleus of a comet
The condensed or star-like part of the head.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
profile of a fort
See orthographic projection.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
range of a gun
The horizontal distance which it will send a shot, at a stated elevation, to the point of its first ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
refusal of a pile
Its stoppage or obstruction, when it cannot be driven further in.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
ribs of a parrel
An old species of parrel having alternate ribs and bull's-eyes; the ribs were pieces of wood, each a...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
score of a block, or of a dead eye
The groove round which the rope passes.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shaft of a mine
The narrow perpendicular pit by which the gallery is entered, and from which the branches of the min...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shell of a block
The outer frame or case wherein the sheave or wheel is contained and traverses about its axis.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shoulder of a bastion
The part of it adjacent to the junction of a face with a flank. The angle of the shoulder is that fo...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sill of a dock
The timber at the base against which the gates shut; and the depth of water which will float a vesse...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
skeleton of a regiment
Its principal officers and staff.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
skin of a sail
The outside part when a sail is furled. To furl in a clean skin, is the habit of a good seaman.
♦ ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
son of a gun
An epithet conveying contempt in a slight degree, and originally applied to boys born afloat, when w...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
tail of a gale
The latter part of a gale, when its violence is dying out.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
tongue of a bevel
The movable part of the instrument by which the angles or bevellings are taken.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
tread of a keel
The length of her keel.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
chapelling a ship
The act of turning her round in a light breeze, when she is close hauled, without bracing the head-y...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
docking a ship
The act of drawing her into dock, and placing her properly on blocks, in order to give her the requi...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
frapping a ship
The act of passing four or five turns of a large cable-laid rope round a ship's hull when it is appr...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
swifting a ship
Either bringing her aground or upon a careen; also passing cables round her bottom and upper-works, ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Unheard-of
·adj New; unprecedented; unparalleled.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
kind of
In a manner, as it were. A sort of qualifying expression; as, 'She made game on it kind o'.'--Forby....
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
rising of
More than; upwards of; as, There were rising of a thousand men killed at the battle of Buena Vista.'...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
-ship
·noun A suffix denoting state, office, dignity, profession, or art; as in lordship, friendship, chan...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Ship
·noun Pay; reward.
II. Ship ·vi To embark on a ship.
III. Ship ·noun Any large seagoing vessel.
I...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
The Ship
1) Rent out of Corner House in Thames Street, being the sign of the Ship in parish of St. Mary at Hi...
A Dictionary of London by Henry A Harben.
-
ship
[from the Anglo-Saxon scip]. Any craft intended for the purposes of navigation; but in a nautical se...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Ship
No one writer in the whole range of Greek and Roman literature has supplied us with so much informat...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Bishops of London, Palace of
On the north-west side of St. Paul's Church (S. 373).
Mentioned by Ralph de Diceto in his Opera His...
A Dictionary of London by Henry A Harben.
-
receivers of droits of admiralty
Now termed receivers of wreck (which see).
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Skull, The place of a
See Golgotha.
...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
apparent place of a star
This is the position for any day which it seems to occupy in the heavens, as affected with aberratio...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
arms of a great gun
The trunnions.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
astronomical place of a star or planet
Its longitude or place in the ecliptic, reckoned from the first point of Aries, according to the nat...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
cranks of a marine engine
; eccentric, as in a turning-lathe. The bend or knee pinned on the shafts, by which they are moved r...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eye of a block-strop
That part by which it is fastened or suspended to any particular place upon the sails, masts, or rig...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
feeding-part of a tackle
That running through the sheaves, in opposition to the standing part.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
foot-clue of a hammock
See hammock.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fore-sheets of a boat
The inner part of the bows, opposite to stern-sheets, fitted with gratings on which the bowman stand...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
goose-wings of a sail
The situation of a course when the buntlines and lee-clue are hauled up, and the weather-clue down. ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
hammer, of a gun-lock
Formerly the steel covering of the pan from which the flint of the cock struck sparks on to the prim...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head-clue of a hammock
Where the head rests. (See hammock.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
housing of a lower mast
That part of a mast which is below deck to the step in the kelson; of a bowsprit, the portion within...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
incompetency, or insufficiency, of a merchantman's crew
A bar to any claim on warrantry; as it is an implied condition in the sea-worthiness of a ship, that...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
insufficiency of a merchantman's crew
This bars the owner's claim on the sea-worthy warrant. (See incompetency of a merchantman's crew.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
latitude of a celestial object
An arc of a circle of longitude between the centre of that object and the ecliptic, and is north or ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
longitude of a celestial body
An arc of the ecliptic, contained between the first point of Aries and a circle of longitude passing...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
loops of a gun-carriage
The iron eye-bolts to which the tackles are hooked.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
mean place of a star
Its position at a given time, independent of aberration and nutation.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
normal level of a barometer
A term reckoned synonymous with par-line (which see).
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
notch-sight of a gun
A sight having a V-shaped notch, wherein the eye easily finds the lowest or central point.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
running part of a tackle
Synonymous with the fall, or that part on which the man power is applied to produce the intended eff...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
score of a dead eye
The groove round which the rope passes.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sole of a gun-port
The lower part of it, more properly called port-sill.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
spoliation of a ship's papers
An act which, by the maritime law of every court in Europe, not only excludes further proof, but doe...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
standing part of a hook
That part which is attached to a block, chain, or anything which is to heave the hook up, with a wei...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
standing part of a sheet
That part which is secured to a ring at the ship's bow, quarter, side, &c.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
standing part of a rope
The part which is made fast to the mast, deck, or block, in contradistinction to that which is pulle...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
standing part of a tackle or rope
The part which is made fast to the mast, deck, or block, in contradistinction to that which is pulle...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
stroke-side of a boat
That in which the after starboard rowlock is placed, or where the after oar is rowed if single-banke...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
transom of a gun-carriage
A cross piece of timber uniting the cheeks; generally between the trunnion-holes and the fore axle-t...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
vent-field of a gun
The raised tablet in the metal near the breech in which the vent is bored.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
trunk of a fishing-vessel
A strong compartment in the middle of the hold, open to the deck, but lined with lead on every side,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
well, or trunk of a fishing-vessel
A strong compartment in the middle of the hold, open to the deck, but lined with lead on every side,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
well-room of a boat
The place in the bottom where the water lies, between the ceiling and the platform of the stern-shee...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Post-captain
·noun A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, or was "posted," in the seniority list of the B...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Sea captain
·- The captain of a vessel that sails upon the sea.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
captain lieutenant
Meat between veal and beef, the flesh of an old calf; a military simile, drawn from the officer of t...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
captain podd
A celebrated master of a puppet-shew, in Ben Johnson's time, whose name became a common one to signi...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
captain queernabs
A shabby ill-dressed fellow.
...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
captain sharp
A cheating bully, or one in a set of gamblers, whose office is to bully any pigeon, who, suspecting ...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
captain tom
The leader of a mob; also the mob itself.
...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
Captain Cook
or Cooker
n.
NewZealand colonists' slang. First applied to the wild pigs ofNew Zealand, supposed t...
Dictionary of Australasian Words Phrases and Usages by Edward E. Morris
-
boatswain-captain
An epithet given by certain popinjays in the service to such of their betters as fully understand th...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
captain-general
The highest army rank.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
job captain
One who gets a temporary appointment to a ship, whose regular commander is a member of parliament, &...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
post-captain
Formerly a captain of three years' standing, now simply captain, but equal to colonel in the army, b...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sailing captain
An officer in some navies, whose duties are similar to those of our masters in the royal navy.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
second-captain
Commanders under captains in the navy, of late.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
staff-captain
A designation conferred in 1863 upon masters of the fleet.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fitting out a ship
The act of providing a ship with sufficient masts, sails, yards, ammunition, artillery, cordage, anc...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind a ship or boat, to
To change her position by bringing her stern round to the place where the head was. (See wending.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
work a ship, to
To adapt the sails to the force and direction of the wind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
War-beaten
·adj <<Warworn>>.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Black-War
or Black-Line
a military operation planned in 1830 by Governor Arthur for the captureof the Tasmani...
Dictionary of Australasian Words Phrases and Usages by Edward E. Morris
-
civil war
That between subjects of the same realm, or between factions of the same state.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
peninsular war
A designation assigned to the Duke of Wellington's campaigns in Portugal and Spain.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
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war-caperer
A privateer.
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The Sailor's Word-Book
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war establishment
Increased force of men and means.
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The Sailor's Word-Book
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war-scot
A contribution for the supply of arms and armour, in the time of the Saxons.
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The Sailor's Word-Book
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water-war
A name for the bore or hygre of the Severn.
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The Sailor's Word-Book
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Beeroth of the children of Jaakan
(Deut. 10:6). The same as Bene-jaakan (Num. 33:31).
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Easton's Bible Dictionary
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Beeroth Of The Children Of Jaakan
the wells of the tribe of Bene-Jaakan, which formed one of the halting-places of the Israelites in t...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
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Rabbath Of The Children Of Ammon
and Rabbath of the Ammonites, [See RABBATH]
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William Smith's Bible Dictionary
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Wisdom Of Jesus, Son Of Sirach
[Ecclesiasticus]
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William Smith's Bible Dictionary
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A
A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, correspond...
A New Latin Dictionary by Charlton T. Lewis Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL. D.