-
raise, to
To make an object subtend a larger angle by approaching it, which is the foundation of perspective, ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
raise the metal to
To elevate the breech, and depress thereby the muzzle of a gun.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Raise
·vt To create or constitute; as, to raise a use, that is, to create it.
II. Raise ·vt To give vent ...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
raise
To make a raise. A vulgar American phrase, meaning to make a haul, to raise the wind.
The chances w...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
close the wind, to
To haul to it.
♦ Close upon a tack or bowline, or close by a wind, is when the wind is on either b...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
gain the wind, to
To arrive on the weather-side of some other vessel in sight, when both are plying to windward.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Wind
·noun Power of respiration; breath.
II. Wind ·noun The <<Dotterel>>.
III. Wind ·noun Air impregnat...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
wind
To raise the wind; to procure mony.
...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
wind
an alley or narrow street. Scotch.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
wind
[precisely the Anglo-Saxon word]. A stream or current of air which may be felt. The horizon being di...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head to wind
The situation of a ship or boat when her head is pointed directly to windward. The term is particula...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind away, to
To steer through narrow channels.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shake in the wind, to
To bring a vessel's head so near the wind, when close-hauled, as to shiver the sails.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
whistle for the wind, to
A superstitious practice among old seamen, who are equally scrupulous to avoid whistling during a he...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
by the wind
Is when a ship sails as nearly to the direction of the wind as possible. (See full and by.) In gener...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
in the wind
The state of a vessel when thrown with her head into the wind, but not quite all in the wind (see al...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
under the wind
So situated to leeward of something as not to feel the wind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
raise a siege, to
To abandon or cause the abandonment of a siege.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
raise-net
A kind of staked net on our northern shores, so called from rising and falling with the tide.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
nines, to the
An expression to denote complete.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind a boat, to
To change her position by bringing her stern round to the place where the head was. (See wending.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind a ship or boat, to
To change her position by bringing her stern round to the place where the head was. (See wending.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
cloth in the wind
Too near to the wind, and sails shivering. Also, groggy.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eye of the wind
The direction to windward from whence it blows. (See wind's-eye.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sheet in the wind
Half intoxicated; as the sail trembles and is unsteady, so is a drunken man.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind in the teeth
Dead against a ship.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sheer to the anchor, to
To direct the ship's bows by the helm to the place where the anchor lies, while the cable is being h...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Colossians, The Epistle To The
was written by the apostle St. Paul during his first captivity at Rome. (Acts 28:16) (A.D. 62.) The ...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Galatians, The Epistle To The
was written by the apostle St. Paul not long after his journey through Galatia and Phrygia, (Acts 18...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
To
·prep Addition; union; accumulation.
II. To ·prep Character; condition of being; purpose subserved ...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
To-
·prep An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break,...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
to
for at or in, is an exceedingly common vulgarism in the Northern States. We often hear such vile exp...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
Broken wind
·- The <<Heaves>>.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Down-wind
·add. ·adv With the wind.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Thick wind
·- A defect of respiration in a horse, that is unassociated with noise in breathing or with the sign...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Up-wind
·add. ·adv Against the wind.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Volcanic wind
·add. ·- A wind associated with a volcanic outburst and due to the eruption or to convection current...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind signal
·add. ·- In general, any signal announcing information concerning winds, and ·esp. the expected appr...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-break
·noun A clump of trees serving for a protection against the force of wind.
II. Wind-break ·vt To br...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-broken
·adj Having the power of breathing impaired by the rupture, dilatation, or running together of air c...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-fertilized
·adj Anemophilous; fertilized by pollen borne by the wind.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-plant
·noun A <<Windflower>>.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-rode
·adj Caused to ride or drive by the wind in opposition to the course of the tide;
— said of a vesse...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-shaken
·add. ·adj Shaken by the wind;.
II. Wind-shaken ·add. ·adj affected by wind shake, or anemosis (whi...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-sucker
·noun A horse given to wind-sucking.
II. Wind-sucker ·noun The <<Kestrel>>.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-sucking
·noun A vicious habit of a horse, consisting in the swallowing of air;
— usually associated with cr...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
Wind-up
·add. ·noun Act of winding up, or closing; a concluding act or part; the end.
...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
East wind
The wind coming from the east (Job 27:21; Isa. 27:8, etc.). Blight caused by this wind, "thin ears" ...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
wind-mill
The fundament. She has no fortune but her mills; i.e. she has nothing but her **** and a*se.
...
Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
-
hot wind
n.
an Australian meteorologicalphenomenon. See quotations, especially 1879, A. R. Wallace.The phras...
Dictionary of Australasian Words Phrases and Usages by Edward E. Morris
-
to wind up
To close up; to give the quietus to an antagonist in a debate; to effectually demolish.
John Bell, ...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
wind-berry
a bilberry or whortleberry. N.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
wind-row
to wind-row, to rake the mown grass into rows, called wind-rows. Norf. and Suff.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
wind-gauge
See anemometer
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
beating wind
That which requires the ship to make her way by tacks; a baffling or contrary wind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bottom-wind
A phenomenon that occurs on the lakes in the north of England, especially Derwent Water, which is of...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
east wind
This, in the British seas, is generally attended with a hazy atmosphere, and is so ungenial as to co...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
eddy-wind
That which is beat back, or returns, from a sail, bluff hill, or anything which impedes its passage;...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fall-wind
A sudden gust.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
foul wind
That which prevents a ship from laying her course.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
gall-wind
See wind-gall.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
head-wind
A breeze blowing from the direction of the ship's intended course. Thus, if a ship is bound N.E. a N...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
helm-wind
A singular meteorological phenomenon which occurs in the north of England. Besides special places in...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
high wind
See heavy gale.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
leading-wind
Wind abeam or quartering; more particularly a free or fair wind, and is used in contradistinction to...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
north wind
This wind in the British seas is dry and cold, and generally ushers in fair weather and clear skies....
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
quarter-wind
Blowing upon a vessel's quarter, abaft the main-shrouds.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
soldier's wind
One which serves either way; allowing a passage to be made without much nautical ability.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
south-wind
A mild wind in the British seas with frequent fogs; it generally brings rain or damp weather.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
traverse-wind
A wind which sets right in to any harbour, and prevents the departure of vessels.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
west wind
This and its collateral, the S.W., prevail nearly three-fourths of the year in the British seas, and...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wild-wind
An old term for whirlwind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-bands
Long clouds supposed to indicate bad weather.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-bound
Detained at an anchorage by contrary winds.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-fall
A violent gust of wind rushing from coast-ranges and mountains to the sea. Also, some piece of good ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-gage
See anemometer.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-gall
A luminous halo on the edge of a distant cloud, where there is rain, usually seen in the wind's eye,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-rode
A ship is wind-rode when the wind overcomes an opposite tidal force, and she rides head to wind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-sail
A funnel of canvas employed to ventilate a ship by conveying a stream of fresh air down to the lower...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-taut
A vessel at anchor, heeling over to the force of the wind.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
wind-tight
A cask or vessel to contain water is said to be wind-tight and water-tight.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
young wind
The commencement of the land or sea breeze.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
to make a raise
A vulgar expression, meaning to raise; procure; obtain.
I made a raise of a horse and saw, after be...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
to raise a bead
This expression is used at the West, and means to bring to a head, to make succeed. The figure is ta...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
to raise one's bristles
To excite one's anger.
I cane to Congress in 1827, as honestly the friend of Gen. Jackson as any ma...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
The
·vi ·see <<Thee>>.
II. The (·art·def) A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their me...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
-
hold a good wind, to
To have weatherly qualities.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
pick up a wind, to
Traverses made by oceanic voyagers; to run from one trade or prevalent wind to another, with as litt...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
three sheets in the wind
Unsteady from drink.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Colossians, Epistle to the
Was written by Paul at Rome during his first imprisonment there (Acts 28:16, 30), probably in the sp...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
Romans, Epistle to the
This epistle was probably written at Corinth. Phoebe (Rom. 16:1) of Cenchrea conveyed it to Rome, an...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
Thessalonians, Epistles to the
The first epistle to the Thessalonians was the first of all Paul's epistles. It was in all probabili...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
Passage to the Hospital
See Christ Church Passage.
...
A Dictionary of London by Henry A Harben.
-
lead, to strike the
See above. Used figurativelyfor to succeed.
1874. Garnet Walch, `Head over Heels,' p. 74:
«We coul...
Dictionary of Australasian Words Phrases and Usages by Edward E. Morris
-
up to the hub
To the extreme point. The figure is that of a vehicle sunk in the mud up to the hub of the wheels, w...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
battle the watch, to
To shift as well as we can; to contend with a difficulty. To depend on one's own exertions.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bitt the cable, to
To put it round the bitts, in order to fasten it, or slacken it out gradually, which last is called ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
box the compass, to
Not only to repeat the names of the thirty-two points in order and backwards, but also to be able to...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bringing-to the yard
Hoisting up a sail, and bending it to its yard.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
brought to the gangway
Punished.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capstan, to man the
To place the sailors at it in readiness to heave.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capstan, to paul the
To drop all the pauls into their sockets, to prevent the capstan from recoiling during any pause of ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capstan, to rig the
To fix the bars in their respective holes, thrust in the pins to confine them, and reeve the swifter...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
cut the cable, to
A manœuvre sometimes necessary for making a ship cast the right way, or when the anchor cannot be we...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
drag the anchor, to
The act of the anchors coming home.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
feel the helm, to
To have good steerage way, carrying taut weather-helm, which gives command of steerage. Also said of...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fish the anchor, to
To turn up the flukes of an anchor to the gunwale for stowage, after being catted.
♦ Other fish to...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
freshen the nip, to
To veer a small portion of cable through the hawse-hole, or heave a little in, in order to let anoth...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
kick the bucket, to
To expire; an inconsiderate phrase for dying.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
lay the land, to
Barely to lose sight of it.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
lie the course, to
When the vessel's head is in the direction wished.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
make the land, to
To see it from a distance after a voyage.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
miller, to drown the
To put an overdose of water to grog.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
misrepresentation to the underwriters
, of any fact or circumstance material to the risk of insuring, whether by the insured or his agent,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
moor the boat, to
To fasten her with two ropes, so that the one shall counteract the other, and keep her in a steady p...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
muffle the oars, to
To put some matting or canvas round the loom when rowing, to prevent its making a noise against the ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
muzzle to the left!
See muzzle to the right!
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
muzzle to the right!
, or muzzle to the left!
The order given to trim the gun to the object.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
rig the capstan, to
To fix the bars in the drumhead in readiness for heaving; not forgetting to pin and swift. (See caps...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
scour the seas, to
To infest the ocean as a pirate.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
serve the vent, to
To stop it with the thumb.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
set the chase, to
To mark well the position of the vessel chased by bearing, so that by standing away from her on one ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shoot the compass, to
To shoot wide of the mark.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shoot the sun, to
To take its meridional altitude; literally aiming at the reflected sun through the telescope of the ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
sight the anchor, to
To heave it up in sight, in order to prove that it is clear, when, from the ship having gone over it...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
stop the vent, to
To close it hermetically by pressing the thumb to it.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
stream the buoy, to
To let the buoy fall from the after-part of the ship's side into the water, preparatory to letting g...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
strip the masts, to
To clear the masts of their rigging.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
suck the monkey, to
To rob the grog-can. (See monkey.)
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
surge the capstan, to
To slacken the rope heaved round upon its barrel, to prevent its parts from riding or getting foul.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
top the glim, to
To snuff the candle.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
top the officer, to
To arrogate superiority.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
trench the ballast, to
To divide the ballast in a ship's hold to get at a leak, or to trim and stow it.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
weather the cape, to
To become experienced; as it implies sailing round Cape Horn, or the Cape of Good Hope.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Hebrews, Epistle To The
The author-There has been a wide difference of opinion respecting the authorship of this epistle.
F...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Philippians, Epistle To The
was St. Paul from Rome in A.D. 62 or 63. St. Paul's connection with Philippi was of a peculiar chara...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Romans, Epistle To The
The date of this epistle is fixed at the time of the visit recorded in Acts 20:3 during the winter a...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
bring-to, to
To bend, as to bring-to a sail to the yard. Also, to check the course of a ship by trimming the sail...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
broach-to, to
To fly up into the wind. It generally happens when a ship is carrying a press of canvas with the win...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
heave-to, to
To put a vessel in the position of lying-to, by adjusting her sails so as to counteract each other, ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
lie-to, to
To cause a vessel to keep her head steady as regards a gale, so that a heavy sea may not tumble into...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
round-to, to
To bring to, or haul to the wind by means of the helm. To go round, is to tack or wear.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
st of the of the wind and current
See direction of the wind and current
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
raise or rise tacks and sheets
The lifting the clues of the courses, previously to bracing round the yards in tacking or wearing.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
set of the wind and current
See direction of the wind and current
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
direction or set of the wind and current
These are opposite terms; the direction of the winds and waves being named from the point of the com...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shaking a cloth in the wind
In galley parlance, expresses the being slightly intoxicated.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
which way does the wind lie?
What is the matter?
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Corinthians, First Epistle to the
Was written from Ephesus (1 Cor. 16:8) about the time of the Passover in the third year of the apost...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
Corinthians, Second Epistle to the
Shortly after writing his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul left Ephesus, where intense exciteme...
Easton's Bible Dictionary
-
to stand up to the rack
A metaphorical expression of the same meaning as the like choice phrases, 'to come to the scratch;' ...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
to make the fur fly
To claw; scratch; wound severely. Used figuratively.
Mr. Hannegan was greatly excited, which proved...
Dictionary of American Words And Phrases by John Russell Bartlett.
-
muckson up to the huckson
dirty up to the knuckles. S.
...
A glossary of provincial and local words used in England by Francis Grose
-
bring by the lee, to
To incline so rapidly to leeward of the course when the ship sails large, or nearly before the wind,...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
bring home the anchor, to
is to weigh it. It applies also when the flukes slip or will not hold; a ship then brings home her a...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capstan, to come up the
In one sense is to lift the pauls and walk back, or turn the capstan the contrary way, thereby slack...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capstan, to heave at the
To urge it round, by pushing against the bars, as already described.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
close with the land, to
To approach near to it.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
die on the fin, to
An expression applied to whales, which when dying rise to the surface, after the final dive, with on...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
drag for the anchor, to
The same as creep or sweep.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fly the sheets, to let
To let them go suddenly.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
judge-advocate to the forces
A legal officer whose duty it is to investigate offences previous to determining on sending them bef...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
marry, to, the ropes, braces, or falls
To hold both together, and by pressure haul in both equally. Also so to join the ends of two ropes, ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
north passage to the indies
The grand object of our maritime expeditions at a remote period, prosecuted with a boldness, dexteri...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
run, to lower by the
To let go altogether, instead of lowering with a turn on a cleat or bitt-head.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
span in the rigging, to
To draw the upper parts of the shrouds together by tackles, in order to seize on the cat-harping leg...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
stripped to the girt-line
All the standing-rigging and furniture having been cleared off the masts in the course of dismantlin...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
tell that to the marines!
A sailor's exclamation when an improbable story is related to him.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
toss up the bunt, to
In furling a sail, to make its final package at the centre of the yard when in its skin.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
turn the hands up, to
To summon the entire crew on deck.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
veer away the cable, to
To slack and let it run out.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
walk the quarter-deck, to
A phrase signifying to take the rank of an officer.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
whistling psalms to the taffrail
Expending advice to no purpose.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
Corinthians, First Epistle To The
was written by the apostle St. Paul toward the close of his nearly three-years stay at Ephesus, (Act...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Corinthians, Second Epistle To The
was written a few months subsequent to the first, in the same year-about the autumn of A.D. 57 or 58...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Thessalonians, First Epistle To The
was written by the apostle Paul at Corinth, a few months after he had founded the church at Thessalo...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Thessalonians, Second Epistle To The
appears to have been written from Corinth not very long after the first, for Silvanus and Timotheus ...
William Smith's Bible Dictionary
-
Wind Mill Alley
West out of Minories. In Portsoken Ward (O. and M. 1677).
Site now occupied by offices and business...
A Dictionary of London by Henry A Harben.
-
breath of wind
All but a dead calm.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
capful of wind
A light flaw, which suddenly careens a vessel and passes off.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
fret of wind
A squally flaw.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
gale of wind
Implies what on shore is called a storm, more particularly termed a hard gale or strong gale; number...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
haul her wind
Said of a vessel when she comes close upon the wind.
♦ Haul your wind, or haul to the wind, signif...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
haul my wind
An expression when an individual is going upon a new line of action. To avoid a quarrel or difficult...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
on a wind
Synonymous with on a bowline.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
shift of wind
Implies that it varies, or has changed in its direction.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
slant of wind
An air of which advantage may be taken.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
slope of wind
A breeze favouring a long tack near to the required course, and which may be expected to veer to fai...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
put to sea, to
To quit a port or roadstead, and proceed to the destination.
...
The Sailor's Word-Book
-
turn to windward, to
To gain on the wind by alternate tacking. It is when a ship endeavours to make progress against the ...
The Sailor's Word-Book
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Lean-to
·adj Having only one slope or pitch;
— said of a roof.
II. Lean-to ·noun A shed or slight building...
Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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Set-to
·noun A contest in boxing, in an argument, or the like.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-beat
·vt To beat thoroughly or severely.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-break
·vt To break completely; to break in pieces.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-brest
·vt To burst or break in pieces.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-day
·noun The present day.
II. To-day ·prep On this day; on the present day.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-do
·noun Bustle; stir; commotion; ado.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-fall
·noun A lean-to. ·see Lean-to.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language
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To-name
·noun A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it.
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Webster's Dictionary of the English Language