Olives, Mount Of

William Smith's Bible Dictionary

"The Mount of Olives" occurs in the Old Testament in (Zechariah 14:4) only. In (2 Samuel 15:30) it is called "Olivet;" in other places simply "the mount," (Nehemiah 8:15) "the mount facing Jerusalem" (1 Kings 11:7) or "the mountain which is on the east aide of the city." (Ezekiel 11:23) In the New Testament the usual form is "the Mount of Olives." It is called also "Olivet." (Acts 1:12) This mountain is the well-known eminence on the east of Jerusalem, intimately connected with some of the gravest events of the history of the Old Testament and the New Testament, the scene of the flight of David and the triumphal progress of the Son of David, of the idolatry-of Solomon, and the agony and betrayal of Christ. It is a ridge of rather more than a mile in length, running in general direction north and south, covering the whole eastern side of the city. At its northern end the ridge bends round to the west so as to form an enclosure to the city on that side also. On the north a space of nearly a mile of tolerably level surface intervenes between the walls of the city and the rising ground; on the east the mount is close to the walls, parted only by the narrow ravine of the Kidron. It is this portion which is the real Mount of Olives of the history. In general height it is not very much above-the city: 300 feet higher than the temple mount, hardly more than 100 above the so-called Zion. It is rounded, swelling and regular in form. Proceeding from north to south there occur four independent summits, called- 1, "Viri Galilaei:" 2, "Mount of Ascension;" 3, "Prophets"-subordinate to the last and almost a part of it; 4, "Mount of Offence."


• Of these the central one -the "Mount of Ascension"-is the most important. Three paths lead from the valley to the summit-one on the north, in the hollow between the two crests of the hill another over the summit, and a third winding around the southern shoulder still the most frequented and the best. The central hill, which we are now considering, purports to contain the sites of some of the most sacred and impressive events of Christian history. The majority of these sacred spots now command little or no attention; but three still remain, sufficiently sacred-if authentic-to consecrate any place. These are- (1) Gethsemane, at the foot of the mount; (2) The spot from which our Saviour ascended on the summit; (3) The place of the lamentation of Christ over Jerusalem, halfway up. Of these, Gethsemane is the only one which has any claim to be authentic. [Gethsemane]

• Next to the central summit, on the southern side is a hill remarkable only for the fact that it contains the "singular catacomb" known as the "Tombs of the Prophets," probably in allusion to the words of Christ. (Matthew 23:29)

• The most southern portion of the Mount of Olives is that usually known as the "Mount of Offence," Mons Offensionis . It rises next to that last mentioned. The title "Mount of Offence," or "Scandal," was bestowed on the supposition that it is the "Mount of Corruption" on which Solomon erected the high places for the gods of his foreign wives. (2 Kings 23:13; 1 Kings 11:7) The southern summit is considerably lower than the centre one.

• There remains the "Viri Galilaei," about 400 yards from the "Mount of Ascension." It stands directly opposite the northeast corner of Jerusalem, and is approached by the path between it and the "Mount of Ascension." The presence of a number of churches and other edifices must have rendered the Mount of Olives, during the early and middle ages of Christianity, entirely unlike what it was in the time of the Jewish kingdom or of our Lord. Except the high places on the summit, the only buildings then to be seen were probably the walls of the vineyards and gardens and the towers and presses which were their invariable accompaniment. But though the churches are nearly all demolished, there must be a considerable difference between the aspect of the mountain now and in those days when it received its name from the abundance of its olive proves. It does not now stand so pre-eminent in this respect among the hills in the neighborhood of Jerusalem. It is only in the deeper and more secluded slope leading up to the northernmost summit that these venerable trees spread into anything like a forest. The cedars commemorated by the Talmud sad the date-palms implied in the name Bethany have fared still worse; there is not one of either to be found within many miles. Two religious ceremonies performed there must have done much to increase the numbers who resorted to the mount. The appearance of the new moon was probably watched for, certainly proclaimed, from the summit. The second ceremony referred to was the burning of the red heifer. This solemn ceremonial was enacted on the central mount, and in a spot so carefully specified that it would seem not difficult to fix it. It was due east of the sanctuary, and at such an elevation on the mount that the officiating priest, as he slew the animal and sprinkled blood, could see the facade of the sanctuary through the east gate of the temple.

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  • Plain of Mamre

    (Gen. 13:18; 14:13; R.V., "oaks of Mamre;" marg., "terebinths"). (See Mamre; Teil tree.) ...

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  • Pools of Solomon

    The name given to three large open cisterns at Etam, at the head of the Wady Urtas, having an averag...

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  • Proportion of faith

    (Rom. 12:6). Paul says here that each one was to exercise his gift of prophecy, i.e., of teaching, "...

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  • Proverbs, Book of

    A collection of moral and philosophical maxims of a wide range of subjects presented in a poetic for...

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  • Queen of heaven

    (Jer. 7:18; 44:17, 25), the moon, worshipped by the Assyrians as the receptive power in nature. ...

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  • Refuge, Cities of

    Were six in number (Num. 35). 1. On the west of Jordan were (1) Kadesh, in Naphtali; (2) Shechem, in...

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  • Rephaim, Valley of

    (Josh. 15:8; 18:16, R.V.). When David became king over all Israel, the Philistines, judging that he ...

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  • Resurrection of Christ

    One of the cardinal facts and doctrines of the gospel. If Christ be not risen, our faith is vain (1 ...

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  • Reuben, Tribe of

    At the Exodus numbered 46,500 male adults, from twenty years old and upwards (Num. 1:20, 21), and at...

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  • Revelation, Book of

    =The Apocalypse, the closing book and the only prophetical book of the New Testament canon. The auth...

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  • Revelation of Christ

    The second advent of Christ. Three different Greek words are used by the apostles to express this, (...

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  • River of Egypt

    1) Heb. nahar mitsraim, denotes in Gen. 15:18 the Nile, or its eastern branch (2 Chr. 9:26). 2) In ...

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  • River of Gad

    Probably the Arno (2 Sam. 24:5). ...

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  • River of God

    (Ps. 65:9), as opposed to earthly streams, denoting that the divine resources are inexhaustible, or ...

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  • Rivers of Babylon

    (Ps. 137:1), i.e., of the whole country of Babylonia, e.g., the Tigris, Euphrates, Chalonas, the Ula...

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  • Rivers of Damascus

    The Abana and Pharpar (2 Kings 5:12). ...

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  • Rivers of Judah

    (Joel 3:18), the watercourses of Judea. ...

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  • Salt, Valley of

    A place where it is said David smote the Syrians (2 Sam. 8:13). This valley (the' Arabah) is between...

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  • Samuel, Books of

    The LXX. translators regarded the books of Samuel and of Kings as forming one continuous history, wh...

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  • Sea of glass

    A figurative expression used in Rev. 4:6 and 15:2. According to the interpretation of some, "this ca...

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  • Sea of Jazer

    (Jer. 48:32), a lake, now represented by some ponds in the high valley in which the Ammonite city of...

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  • Shalim, Land of

    Land of foxes, a place apparently to the north-west of Jerusalem (1 Sam. 9:4), perhaps in the neighb...

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  • Shalisha, Land of

    Probably the district of Baal-shalisha (2 Kings 4:42), lying about 12 miles north of Lydda (1 Sam. 9...

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  • Shaveh, Valley of

    Valley of the plain the ancient name of the "king's dale" (q.v.), or Kidron, on the north side of Je...

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  • Siddim, Vale of

    Valley of the broad plains, "which is the salt sea" (Gen. 14:3, 8, 10), between Engedi and the citie...

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  • Siloam, Pool of

    Sent or sending. Here a notable miracle was wrought by our Lord in giving sight to the blind (John 9...

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  • Siloam, Tower of

    Mentioned only Luke 13:4. The place here spoken of is the village now called Silwan, or Kefr Silwan,...

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  • Sin, Wilderness of

    Lying between Elim and sinai (Ex. 16:1; comp. Num. 33:11, 12). This was probably the narrow plain of...

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  • Solomon, Song of

    Called also, after the Vulgate, the "Canticles." It is the "song of songs" (1:1), as being the fines...

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  • Son of God

    The plural, "sons of God," is used (Gen. 6:2, 4) to denote the pious descendants of Seth. In Job 1:6...

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  • Son of man

    1) Denotes mankind generally, with special reference to their weakness and frailty (Job 25:6; Ps. 8:...

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  • Stream of Egypt

    (Isa. 27:12), the Wady el-Arish, called also "the river of Egypt," R.V., "brook of Egypt" (Num. 34:5...

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  • Tabernacles, Feast of

    The third of the great annual festivals of the Jews (Lev. 23:33-43). It is also called the "feast of...

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  • Testimony, Tabernacle of

    The tabernacle, the great glory of which was that it contained "the testimony", i.e., the "two table...

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  • Tiberias, Sea of

    Called also the Sea of Galilee (q.v.) and of Gennesaret. In the Old Testament it is called the Sea o...

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  • Tongues, Confusion of

    At Babel, the cause of the early separation of mankind and their division into nations. The descenda...

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  • Tongues, Gift of

    Granted on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:4), in fulfilment of a promise Christ had made to his discip...

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  • Tree of life

    Stood also in the midst of the garden of Eden (Gen. 2:9; 3:22). Some writers have advanced the opini...

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  • Trumpets, Feast of

    Was celebrated at the beginning of the month Tisri, the first month of the civil year. It received i...

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  • Vine of Sodom

    Referred to only in Deut. 32:32. Among the many conjectures as to this tree, the most probable is th...

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  • Water of jealousy

    A phrase employed (not, however, in Scripture) to denote the water used in the solemn ordeal prescri...

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  • Water of purification

    Used in cases of ceremonial cleansings at the consecration of the Levites (Num. 8:7). It signified, ...

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  • Water of separation

    Used along with the ashes of a red heifer for the ceremonial cleansing of persons defiled by contact...

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  • Weeks, Feast of

    See Pentecost. ...

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  • Word of God

    (Heb. 4:12, etc.). The Bible so called because the writers of its several books were God's organs in...

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  • Works, Covenant of

    Entered into by God with Adam as the representative of the human race (comp. Gen. 9:11, 12; 17:1-21)...

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  • Zebulun, Lot of

    In Galilee, to the north of Issachar and south of Asher and Naphtali (Josh. 19:10-16), and between t...

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  • Zebulun, Tribe of

    Numbered at Sinai (Num. 1:31) and before entering Canaan (26:27). It was one of the tribes which did...

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  • Zophim, Field of

    Field of watchers, a place in Moab on the range of Pisgah (Num. 23:14). To this place Balak brought ...

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  • Zuph, Land of

    (1 Sam. 9:5, 6), a district in which lay Samuel's city, Ramah. It was probably so named after Elkana...

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