Winds

William Smith's Bible Dictionary

That the Hebrews recognized the existence of four prevailing winds as issuing, broadly speaking, from the four cardinal points, north, south, east and west, may be inferred from their custom of using the expression "four winds" as equivalent to the "four quarters" of the hemisphere. (Ezekiel 37:9; Daniel 8:8; Zechariah 2:6; Matthew 24:31) The north wind, or, as it was usually called "the north," was naturally the coldest of the four, Ecclus. 43:20 and its presence is hence invoked as favorable to vegetation in (Song of Solomon 4:16) It is described in (Proverbs 25:23) as bringing rain; in this case we must understand the northwest wind. The northwest wind prevails from the autumnal equinox to the beginning of November, and the north wind from June to the equinox. The east wind crosses the sandy wastes of Arabia Deserts before reaching Palestine and was hence termed "the wind of the wilderness." (Job 1:19; Jeremiah 13:14) It blows with violence, and is hence supposed to be used generally for any violent wind. (Job 27:21; 38:24; Psalms 48:7; Isaiah 27:8; Ezekiel 27:26) In Palestine the east wind prevails from February to June. The south wind, which traverses the Arabian peninsula before reaching Palestine, must necessarily be extremely hot. (Job 37:17; Luke 12:55) The west and southwest winds reach Palestine loaded with moisture gathered from the Mediterranean, and are hence expressly termed by the Arabs "the fathers of the rain." Westerly winds prevail in Palestine from November to February. In addition to the four regular winds, we have notice in the Bible of the local squalls, (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23) to which the Sea of Gennesareth was liable. In the narrative of St. Paul's voyage we meet with the Greek term Lips to describe the southwest wind; the Latin Carus or Caurus, the northwest wind (Acts 27:12) and Euroclydon, a wind of a very violent character coming from east-northeast. (Acts 27:14)

Related Words

  • Winds

    Blowing from the four quarters of heaven (Jer. 49:36; Ezek. 37:9; Dan. 8:8; Zech. 2:6). The east win...

    Easton's Bible Dictionary

  • winds

    ♦ Local or peculiar. ♦ Trade-winds occur within and beyond the tropical parallels. They are pretty...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • alternating winds

    Peculiar winds blowing at stated times one way, and then, from a sudden alteration in the temperatur...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • anniversary winds

    Those which blow constantly at certain seasons of the year, as monsoon, trade, and etesian winds. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • cardinal winds

    Those from the due north, east, south, and west points of the compass. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • erratic winds

    See variables. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • etesian winds

    The Etesiæ of the ancients; winds which blow constantly every year during the time of the dog-days i...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • periodical winds

    See monsoon and trade-winds. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • reigning winds

    The prevalent winds on any particular coast or region. (See wind.) ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • shifting winds

    Variable breezes, mostly light. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • trade-winds

    Currents of air moving from about the 30th degree of latitude towards the equator. The diurnal motio...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • on-shore winds

    Those which blow from the offing, and render bays uncomfortable and insecure. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book

  • flower of the winds

    The mariner's compass on maps and charts. ...

    The Sailor's Word-Book