ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].
I Adj.
A In gen., that belongs to another person , place , object , etc., not one's own , another's , of another , foreign , alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another ) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 576: in aedīs inruit Alienas, id. Ad. 89; id. And. 152: alienae partes anni, Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149: pecuniis alienis locupletari, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137: cura rerum alienarum, id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83: alienos mores ad suos referre, Nep. Epam. 1, 1: in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni, Cic. Sest. 20: semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est, Sall. C. 7, 2: amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare, id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.: aliena mulier, another man's wife , Cic. Cael. 37: mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta, of another woman's husband , Liv. 1, 46: virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt, id. 35, 43: alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19: oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere, Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2: alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi, Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin. : pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit, Suet. Calig. 36: epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio, i. e. caused to be written by another , id. Dom. 20: te conjux aliena capit, Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116: vulnus, intended for another , Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena cornua, of Actaeon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139: alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites, i. e. without horses , as footmen , Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also: aliena nomina, debts in others’ names , debts contracted by others , Sall. C. 35, 3.—
B Esp.
1 In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one , alien from , not related or allied , not friendly , inimical , strange , Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43: alienus est ab nostrā familiā, Ter. Ad. 326; id. Heaut. 1029 Ruhnk.: multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt, to utter strangers , Caes. B. G. 6, 31: non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.— Hence alienus and propinquus are antith., Cic. Lael. 5, 19: ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim, id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.: ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur, id. ib. 3, 6.—
2 Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing , i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with , not to understand : in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17: homo non alienus a litteris, not a stranger to , not unversed in , id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—
3 Foreign to a thing , i. e. not suited to it , unsuitable , incongruous , inadequate , inconsistent , unseasonable , inapposite , different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.
α With gen.: pacis (deorum), Lucr. 6, 69: salutis, id. 3, 832: aliarum rerum, id. 6, 1064: dignitatis alicujus, Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11: neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti), convenient for consultation , Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—
β With dat.: quod illi causae maxime est alienum, Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—
γ With abl.: neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā, Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83: homine alienissimum, id. Off. 1, 13, 41: dignitate imperii, id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18: amicitiā, id. Fam. 11, 27: existimatione meā, id. Att. 6, 1: domus magis his aliena malis, farther from , Hor. S. 1, 9, 50: loco, tempore, Quint. 6, 3, 33.—
δ With ab : alienum a vitā meā, Ter. Ad. 944: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7: a sapiente, Cic. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 43, 132: a dignitate, id. Fam. 4, 7: navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate, id. Att. 16, 3.—
ε With inf. or clause as subject: nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23: non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere, Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—
4 Averse , hostile , unfriendly , unfavorable to : illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat, Ter. Ad. 338; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24: a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus, id. Lael. 8 fin. : sin a me est alienior, id. Fam. 2, 17: ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere, id. ib. 15, 4 al.: Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus, Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement , disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf. Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 15: alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit, Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting , inconvenient , unfavorable , Varr. R. R. 3, 16: ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum, Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67: vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus, id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous , perilous , hurtful ) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—
5 In medic. lang.
a Of the body, dead , corrupted , paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—
b Of the mind, insane , mad (cf. alieno and alienatio): Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant, Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—
II Subst.
1 ălĭēnus , i, m., a stranger.
a One not belonging to one's house , family , or country : apud me cenant alieni novem, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21: ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23: quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos, id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19: quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur, Vulg. Gen. 42, 7: a filiis suis an ab alienis? ib. Matt. 17, 24: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, Cic. Lael. 5: quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum, Vell. 2, 76.—
b One not related to a person or thing : in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat, Cic. Mil. 28, 76: vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur, Col. 3, 21, 3.—
2 ălĭēnum , i, n., the property of a stranger : Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc., Cato R. R. 5, 1: alieno abstinuit, Suet. Tit. 7: ex alieno largiri, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so, de alieno largiri, Just. 36, 3, 9: alieni appetens, sui profugus, Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5: in aliena aedificium exstruere, Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.: in alieno solo aedificare, Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur. ,
a The property of a stranger : quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena? Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province , Amm. 23, 1.—
b The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 75: aliena ut melius videant quam sua, id. Heaut. 504.—
c Things strange , foreign , not belonging to the matter in hand: Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc., Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely , wildly , like a crazy person: Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum, Ov. Tr. 3, 19: interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui, Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).☞ Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.