ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1, 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.; aquae, as trisyl., Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Μεσσ-άπι-οι and γῆ Ἀπί-α, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ὠκύς, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].
I.A Water , in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew): aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant, Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20: pluvialis, rain-water , Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so, aquae pluviae, Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol. , Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so, caelestes aquae, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so, aquae de nubibus, Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water , ib. Job, 9, 30: fluvialis, river-water , Col. 6, 22; so, aqua fluminis, Vulg. Jer. 2, 18: aquaï fons, Lucr. 5, 602: fons aquae, Vulg. Gen. 24, 13: fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae, Verg. A. 11, 495: fluvius aquae, Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1: rivus aquae, Verg. E. 8, 87: rivi aquarum, Vulg. Isa. 32, 2: torrens aquae, ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water , Fr. eau douce , Lucr. 6, 890: fons aquae dulcis, Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.: aquae dulces, Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so, aquae maris, Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19: dulcis et amara aqua, ib. Jac. 3, 11: perennis, never-failing , Liv. 1, 21; and plur.: quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes, Cic. Verr. 4, 107: aqua profluens, running-water , id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so, currentes aquae, Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so, aqua viva, living-water , Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.: aquae vivae, ib. Num. 19, 17; and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva, ib. Joan. 4, 10; so, vitae, ib. Apoc. 22, 17: aquae viventes, ib. Lev. 14, 5: stagna aquae, standing-water , Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2: aquae de puteis, well-water , Vulg. Num. 20, 17: aqua de cisternā, cisternwater , ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so, aqua cisternae, ib. Isa. 36, 16: aquae pessimae, ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19: aqua recens, Verg. A. 6, 636: turbida, Vulg. Jer. 2, 18: crassa, ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20: munda, ib. Heb. 10, 22: purissima, ib. Ezech. 34, 18: aquae calidae, warm-water , ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol. : calida, Cato R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; and contr.: calda, Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water : aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere, Cic. Verr. 1, 67: aqua frigida, cold-water , Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol. : frigida, Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol. : decocta, Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—
B Particular phrases.
1 Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast , to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—
2 Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage , to animate , refresh , revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon): ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—
3 Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life: non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā, Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one , to exclude from civil society , to banish , Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν), to demand submission , Liv. 35, 17: aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis, Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.
a Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita, you can't find two peas more like , Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq.—
b In aquā scribere = καθʼ ὕδατος γράφειν, to write in water , of something transient, useless: cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā, Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats’ epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—
II Water , in a more restricted sense.
A The sea : coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur, on the sea-coast , Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83: laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā, Ov. P. 2, 7, 30: findite remigio aquas! id. F. 3, 586.—Trop.: Venimus in portum ... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas: To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new), Ov. F. 2, 864.—
B = la. cus, a lake : Albanae aquae deductio, Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —
C A stream , a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48: alii in aquam caeci ruebant, Liv. 1, 27: sonitus multarum aquarum, of many streams , Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6: lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum, along the watercourses , ib. Psa. 1, 3.—
D Rain : cornix augur aquae, Hor. C. 3, 17, 12: deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis, Ov. F. 3, 286: multā terra madescit aquā, id. ib. 6, 198: aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt, heavy rains , a flood , inundation , Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—
E In the plur., medicinal springs , waters , baths.
1 In gen.: ad aquas venire, Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2: aquae caldae, Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.: aquae calidae, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227: aquae medicatae, Sen. Q. N. 3, 25: aquae Salutiferae, Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,
2 As prop. noun , Waters. Some of the most important were.
a Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres , in Etruria , prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano , Tab. Peut.—
b Ăquae Aurēlĭae , in the Black Forest in Germany , now Baden-Baden , Inscr.—
c Ăquae Baiae , in Campania , Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae , Liv. 41, 16.—
d Ăquae Călĭdae ,
α In Britain , now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis , Itin Anton.—
β In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage , now Hammam Gurbos , Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—
γ In Gallia , now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—
e Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae , at Cicero's villa at Puteoli , Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—
f Ăquae Mattĭăcae , among the Mattiaci in Germany , now Wiesbaden , Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—
g Ăquae Sextĭae , near Massilia , once a famous watering-place, now Aix , Liv. Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—
h Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae , in Etruria , now Bagni di Ferrata , Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—
F The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,
α Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking , Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—
β Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably , to waste it , Quint. 11, 3, 52.—
γ Aqua haeret, the water stops , i.e. I am at a loss , Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: in hac causā mihi aqua haeret, id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—
G Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person; hence, as med. t., the dropsy , Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92: decessit morbo aquae intercutis, Suet. Ner. 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.—Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—
III Aqua, the name of a constellation , Gr. Ὕδωρ: hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī, Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of τοὺς πάντας καλέουσιν Ὕδωρ); v. Orell. ad h. l.