ingĕnŭus, a, um, adj. [ingeno, ingigno].
I Native , indigenous , not foreign.
A Lit.: fontes, Lucr. 1, 230: tophus, produced in the country , Juv. 3, 20.—
B Transf., inborn , innate , natural : inest in hoc amussitata sua sibi ingenua indoles, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 38: color, natural color , Prop. 1, 4, 13. —
II Free-born , born of free parents.
A In gen.: ingenuus homo meant formerly one born of a certain or known father , who can cite his father : en unquam fando audistis patricios primo esse factos, non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, id est nihil ultra quam ingenuos, Liv. 10, 8, 10: ingenui clarique parentes, Hor. S. 1, 6, 91; 1, 6, 8.—Esp., subst.: ingĕnŭus , i, m., and ingĕnŭa , ae, f., a free-born man or woman : ingenui sunt qui liberi nati sunt; libertini, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt, Gai. Inst. 1, 11: tutela liberantur ingenuae, etc., id. ib. 1, 194; but this word differs from liber, inasmuch as the latter signifies also a freedman, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 15: ingenuamne an libertinam, id. ib. 3, 1, 189: omnis ingenuorum adest multitudo, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15: Patricios Cincius ait appellari solitos, qui nunc ingenui vocentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 241 Müll.: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari posse, Masur. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—
B In partic.
1 Worthy of a freeman , noble , upright , frank , candid , ingenuous (syn. liberalis): nihil apparet in eo ingenuum, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; id. Off. 1, 42: timiditas, id. de Or. 2, 3: dolor, id. Phil. 10, 9, 18: vita, id. Fam. 5, 21, 3: est animi ingenui (with inf.), id. ib. 2, 6, 2: ingenuis studiis atque artibus delectari, id. Fin. 5, 18, 48: (with humanae) artes, id. de Or. 3, 6, 21: ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris, Juv. 11, 154: amor, Hor. C. 1, 27, 16: per gemitus nostros ingenuasque cruces, and by such sufferings on the part of a freeman as belong only to slaves , Mart. 10, 82, 6: fastidium, Cic. Brut. 67: aperte odisse magis ingenui est, quam, etc., id. Lael. 18, 65: astuta ingenuum vulpes imitata leonem, Hor. S. 2, 3, 186.—
2 Weakly , delicate , tender (free-born persons being less inured to hardships than slaves; poet.): invalidae vires, ingenuaeque mihi, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 72: gula, Mart. 10, 82, 6.—Hence, adv.: ingĕnŭē , in a manner befitting a person of free or noble birth , liberally; openly , frankly , ingenuously : educatus, Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 38: aperte atque ingenue confiteri, id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 27, 1: pro suis dicere, Quint. 12, 3, 3.