jŭgum, i, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yuga from yug-, jungere; Gr. ζυγόν; v. iungo], a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.
I Lit.: nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos juga imponimus, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151: leones jugo subdere, et ad currum jungere, Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 55: (bos) juga detractans, Verg. G. 3, 57: tauris solvere, id. E. 4, 41: frena jugo concordia ferre, id. A. 3, 542; Ov. M. 12, 77: jugum excutere, Curt. 4, 15, 16.—
B Transf.
1 A yoke, pair, team of draught-cattle: ut minus multis jugis ararent, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120; a pair of horses , Verg. A. 5, 147: aquilarum, a pair , Plin. 10, 4, 5, § 16.— Plur. : nunc sociis juga pauca boum, Juv. 8, 108; also for the chariot itself , Verg. A. 10, 594; Sil. 7, 683: curtum temone jugum, Juv. 10, 135.—
2 A juger of land: in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur jugis: jugum vocant, quod juncti boves uno die exarare possint, Varr. R. R. 1, 10 (but in Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9, the correct reading is jugerum; v. Sillig ad h. l.).—
3 A beam, lath , or rail fastened in a horizontal direction to perpendicular poles or posts, a cross-beam, cross-rail : palmes in jugum insilit, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 175: vineam sub jugum mittere, Col. 4, 22.—
4 Esp. as the symbol of humiliation and defeat, a yoke , consisting of two upright spears, and a third laid transversely upon them, under which vanquished enemies were made to pass: cum male pugnatum apud Caudium esset, legionibus nostris sub jugum missis, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109: exercitum sub jugum mittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 7; Quint. 3, 8, 3; Liv. 1, 26, 13; 2, 34, 9 al.; also, sub jugo mittere, id. 3, 28 fin. —
5 The constellation Libra : Romam, in jugo cum esset luna, natam esse dicebat, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—
6 The beam of a weaver's loom : tela jugo vincta est, Ov. M. 6, 55.—
7 A rower's bench , Verg. A. 6, 411.—
8 A height or summit of a mountain, a ridge; also, a chain of mountains : in immensis qua tumet Ida jugis, Ov. H. 5, 138: montis, Verg. E. 5, 76; Caes. B. C. 1, 70: suspectum jugum Cumis, Juv. 9, 57; 3, 191.—
II Trop., yoke, bonds of slavery, matrimony, etc.: Pa. Jamne ea fert jugum? Ph. Tam a me pudicast quasi soror mea, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 50: cujus a cervicibus jugum servile dejecerant, Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6: Venus Diductos jugo cogit aëneo, Hor. C. 3, 9, 18: accipere, Just. 44, 5, 8: exuere, to shake off , Tac. Agr. 31: excutere, Plin. Pan. 11: nondum subacta ferre jugum valet Cervice, the yoke of marriage , Hor. C. 2, 5, 1. —Of misfortune: ferre jugum pariter dolosi, Hor. C. 1, 35, 28: pari jugo niti, to work with equal efforts , Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9: calamitates terroresque mortalium sub jugum mittere, to subjugate , Sen. de Prov. 4 init. : felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae, nec jactare jugum vita didicere magistra, Juv. 13, 22.