prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
I Comp. , nearer , nigher.
A Lit., of place: portus propior, Verg. A. 3, 530: tumulus, Liv. 22, 24: ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra, Ov. P. 1, 2, 130: domus, Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch: cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos, Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.: propior montem suos collocat, Sall. J. 49, 1: propior hostem, Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab : quisquis ab igne propior stetit, Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.: propior timeri, Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur , subst.: prŏpĭōra , um, places lying near : propiora fluminis, Tac. H. 5, 16: tenere, Verg. A. 5, 168.—
B Trop.
1 Of time, nearer , later , more recent : veniunt inde ad propiora, Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116: venio ad propiorem (epistulam), id. Att. 15, 3, 2: propior puero quam juveni, Vell. 2, 53, 1: septimus octavo jam propior annus, Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4: mors, Tib. 2, 3, 42: propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere, Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
2 Of relationship, nearer , more nearly related; with dat.: quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est, Cic. Quint. 31, 97: ille gradu propior sanguinis, Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158: amicus, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
3 Of resemblance, more nearly resembling , more like (class.); with dat.: quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: tauro, Verg. G. 3, 57: vero est propius, more probable , Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45: scribere Sermoni propiora, Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.): propius est fidem, is more credible , Liv. 4, 17: quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat, Sall. C. 11, 1.—
4 Of relation or connection, nearer , more nearly related , affecting or concerning more nearly , of greater import , closer , more intimate : hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially, my shirt is nearer than my coat , Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30: propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69: sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea, id. Sest. 18, 40: alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus, id. Att. 14, 19, 1: damnum propius medullis, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28: cura propior luctusque domesticus, Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71: supplemento vel Latium propius esse, Liv. 8, 11: irae quam timori propiorem cernens, more inclined to anger than to fear , Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to , Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus , more nearly , nearer , closer (class.).
A Lit.
1 Absol. : propius accedamus, Ter. Ad. 309; Ov. M. 2, 41: res adspicere, Verg. A. 1, 526: propius spectare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67; stare, id. A. P. 361.—
2 With dat., nearer to : propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.): propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis, Nep. Hann. 8, 3: propius stabulis armenta tenerent, Verg. G. 1, 355.—
3 With acc.: ne propius se castra moveret, Caes. B. G. 4, 9: pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum, id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36: propius urbem, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26: mare, Sall. J. 18, 9.—
4 With ab : propius a terris, Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87: antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat, id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26: ab Urbe, Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
B Trop.: ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt, Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124: propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia, id. Fl. 10, 23: a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi, Tac. H. 2, 76: nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur, he was within an ace of following him , Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so, propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
II Sup. : proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest , next (class.).
A Lit., of place: proxima oppida, Caes. B. G. 3, 12: via, Lucr. 5, 103; cf.: via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria, Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43: ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent, Sall. J. 23, 2: in proximos collis discedunt, id. ib. 54, 10: proximum iter in Galliam, Caes. B. G. 1, 10: paries cum proximus ardet, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84: agri termini, id. C. 2, 18, 23: proximus vicinus, one's nearest neighbor , Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 124; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.: Belgae proximi sunt Germanis, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet πυρόεις, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53: proxima Campano ponti villula, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.): qui te proximus est, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1: ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum, Liv. 35, 27: Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat, Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2: qui proximi forte tribunal steterant, Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab , nearest to , next to : dactylus proximus a postremo, next before , Cic. Or. 64, 217: ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit, Liv. 37, 25: proximus a dominā, Ov. A. A. 1, 139: proxima regio ab eā (urbe), Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
1 proxĭmus , i, m., a neighbor , a fellow-man , Val. Max. 6, 9 init. ; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
2 proxĭmum , i, n., the neighborhood , vicinity : vicinus e proximo, hard by , Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11: aquam hinc de proximo rogabo, from the house next door , id. Rud. 2, 3, 73: cum in proximo hic sit aegra, close by , next door , Ter. Hec. 341: huic locum in proximum conduxi, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4: per impluvium huc despexi in proximum, into our neighbor's , Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur. : traicit in proxima continentis, Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
B Trop.
1 Of time, the next preceding or following , the previous , last , the next , the following , ensuing : quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1: his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus, id. Lael. 2, 7: Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset, id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next , i.e. the following night , Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin. ; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1: proximo anno, Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208: in proxumum annum (se) transtulit, Cic. Mil. 9, 24: proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus, id. Phil. 1, 13, 32: bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est, Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1: censor qui proximus ante me fuerat, id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.: crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr., recently , last of all , Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
2 In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next : summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis, Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173: observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum, id. Att. 1, 1, 3: proximos dentes eiciunt, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2: prima vulnera ... Proxima, Ov. M. 3, 233: proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores, Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that , remains that , the next point is : proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire , Cic. Fl. 12, 27: proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari, id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next , most nearly approaching , most like or similar : id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40: ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris, Hor. A. P. 338: proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit, Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp. : ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem, Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
3 In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest , next , most nearly or closely related , next of kin , most like : AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus, Ter. Ad. 651: proximus cognatione, Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144: id des proximum, id. Leg. 2, 16, 40: proxima virtutibus vitia, Quint. 10, 2, 16: propinquitate, Nep. Ages. 1, 3: proximae necessitudines, Petr. 116.— Comp. : si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.—Subst.: proxĭmi , ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives , next of kin : injuriosi sunt in proximos, Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16: cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero, i.e. to your friends , intimates , Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
b In gen., one's neighbor , fellow-man : sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur, Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59: quis est mihi proximus? Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
4 That is nearest at hand , i. e. apt , fit , suitable , convenient , easy (anteand post-class.): argumentum, Ap. Mag. p. 278: cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc., Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me; ibi proximum est, ubi mutes, there is the fittest , most convenient place , Ter. Eun. 612.—Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest , very near , next.
1 Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy): quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit, Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin. ; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.: exercitum habere quam proxime hostem, Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3: proxime Pompeium sedebam, id. ib. 1, 14, 3: proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt, Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab : a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum, Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89: omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare, Col. 1, 6, 8.—
2 Trop.
a Of time, shortly before or after , last , next : civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant, Caes. B. G. 3, 29: Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat, Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3: cum proxime judices contrahentur, id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.: proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus, Cels. 3, 2: proxime solis occasum, Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
b Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to , next after , next : proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1: me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere, id. Fam. 11, 21, 4: proxime a nobilissimis viris, Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1: proxime valent cetera lauri genera, Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium; proxime viride, id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2: proxime morem Romanum, closely following the Roman method , Liv. 24, 48, 11: erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium, closely resembling , id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque : proxime atque ille aut aeque, nearly the same as he , Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
c Very closely , nicely , accurately : ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem, Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.: analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt, id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp. : nonne apertius, proximius, verius? Min. Fel. Oct. 19.