qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum; rarely cum quo, Liv. 7, 33: cum quibus, id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.
I Interrog. , who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).
A In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: τίς δαΐς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδ ἔπλετο; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chaerea? Ter. Eun. 824: qui color, nitor, vestitus? id. ib. 242: qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior? Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34: virgo, quae patria est tua? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88: occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat? what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—
B In indirect discourse: scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status, what is the state of the country , Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori ... Hinc canere incipiam, Verg. G. 1, 3: iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis, id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608: nescimus qui sis, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20: qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus, id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—
II Rel. , who , which , what , that , referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.
A As a simple rel.
1 With antecedent expressed: habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit, id. Balb. 5, 11: vir acer, cui, etc., id. Brut. 35, 135: vir optimus, qui, etc., id. Fam. 14, 4, 2: Priscus, vir cujus, etc., Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4: quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es, id. 30, 30, 12: collaria, quae vocantur maelium, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15: coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent, Liv. 8, 23: sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116: sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus, id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —
2 With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8: novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60: beati, quīs contigit, etc., Verg. A. 1, 95: fac, qui ego sum, esse te, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —
3 The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word: est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur, Sall. C. 55, 3: ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur, id. J. 18, 11: exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur, Cic. Brut. 33, 127: justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis, id. Pis. 24, 57: domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, id. Sest. 42, 91. —
4 Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent: ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112: ubi est scelus qui me perdidit? Ter. And. 607: hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11: abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt, Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2: illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc., id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —
5 Relating to a remote subject: annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit ... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—
6 The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel. : erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —
7 In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem ... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9: quemne ego vidi? whom I saw? Ter. And. 768.—
B With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.
1 As , because , seeing that , since : Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus, Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1: hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur, id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64; ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris, Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—
2 Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to , Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5: dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices, id. Off. 3, 19, 77: socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis, Liv. 23, 43: idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—
3 Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause : qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate? Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit, id. ib. 3, 19, 77: non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur, id. N. D. 1, 5, 12: nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget? as that , that , to , id. Cat. 3, 9.—
4 To express a purpose , design , in order that , to : sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur, Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43: Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent, Caes. B. G. 1, 15: domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent, Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —
C The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj. : res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum, and this , Cic. Mil. 20, 53: ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc., id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—
D The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of , according to , such : quae tua natura est, according to your disposition , Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2: qui meus amor in te est, such is my love , id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—
E In neutr. sing.
a Quod signifies,
1 As much as , as far as , what , = quantum: adjutabo quod potero, Ter. Heaut. 416: cura, quod potes, ut valeas, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris, id. Att. 1, 5, 7: tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis, id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2: nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet, id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36: (Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus, id. Fin. 2, 3, 7: quod tuo commodo fiat, id. Fam. 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38: quod sciam, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14: quod ad me attinet, as far as depends on me , for my part , Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet : quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.: quod operae, so much trouble , Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19: quod aeris, Liv. 8, 20. —
2 Wherein : si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis, Ter. And. 738.—
b Quo, abl. neutr. , with compp. (with or without hoc , eo , or tanto ): quo ... eo, by how much , by so much , the ... the : quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—
III Indef. , any one , any; with si , num , ne , v. quis: quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit, Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7: si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65: (BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet, Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.