sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ἐνς (εις) and ὑπό; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.
I With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. ὑπό, with dat. or gen.), under , below , beneath , underneath.
A Of space: si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent ... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72: sub aquā, id. Cas. 2, 6, 28: sub vestimentis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56: ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore, Hor. S. 1, 3, 34: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15: manet sub Jove frigido Venator, Hor. C. 1, 1, 25: sub divo moreris, id. ib. 2, 3, 23: vitam sub divo agat, id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.): sub terrā vivi demissi sunt, Liv. 22, 57: sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit, id. 3, 28, 11: pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis, Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.: non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet, Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—
2 Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under , below , beneath , at the foot of , at , by , near , before : sub monte consedit, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so, sub monte considere, id. ib. 1, 21: sub colle constituere, id. ib. 7, 49: sub montis radicibus esse, id. ib. 7, 36 al.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so, sub urbe, Ter. Ad. 949; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4: sub Veteribus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19: sub Novis, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.: sub basilicā, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.—Trop.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin. : omnia sub oculis erant, Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3: classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit, Flor. 2, 15.—
B Of time, in , within , during , at , by : ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes. B. C. 1, 27: sub decessu suo, Hirt. B. G. 8, 49: sub luce, Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24: sub eodem tempore, Ov. F. 5, 491: sub somno, Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—
C In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.
1 Under , in rank or order; hence, next to , immediately after : Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores, Verg. A. 5, 322.—
2 In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under , beneath , with : omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas, under my standards , Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so, sub armis, Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42: sub sarcinis, id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24: sub onere, id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—
3 Trop., under , subject to , in the power of; during , in the time of , upon , etc.: sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13: sub regno esse, Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60: sub imperio alicujus esse, Ter. Heaut. 233: sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.: sub Corbulone Armenios pellere, Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2; sub rege, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9: sub Hannibale, Liv. 25, 40: sub dominā meretrice, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25: sub nutrice, id. ib. 2, 1, 99: sub judice lis est, id. A. P. 78: praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat, during the reign of , Tac. Agr. 45: scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5: gnarus sub Nerone temporum, Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.: sub vulnere, from the effects of the wound , Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.: sub judice, under , id. ib. 13, 190: nullo sub indice, forced by no betrayer , id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.: sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere, Quint. 9, 2, 97: sub condicione, Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: sub condicionibus, id. 21, 12, 4: sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam, Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11: sub eā condicione, si esset, etc., id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so, sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.), Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6: sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4: sub tutelae specie, Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17: sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere, Val. Max. 3, 2, 6: sub lege, ne, Suet. Aug. 21: sub exceptione, si, id. Caes. 78: sub poenā mortis, id. Calig. 48: servitutis, id. Tib. 36 et saep.: sub frigido sudore mori, Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —
II With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. ὑπό, with acc.), under , below , beneath.
A Of space, usually with verbs of motion: et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18: manum sub vestimenta deferre, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78: cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25: exercitum sub jugum mittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.: sub furcam ire, Hor. S. 2, 7, 66: sub divum rapere, id. C. 1, 18, 13: sub terras ire, Verg. A. 4, 654. —Trop.: sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61: quae sub sensus subjecta sunt, id. Ac. 2 ( Luc. ), 23, 74: quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, id. Or. 20, 67: columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere, Verg. A. 6, 191: quod sub oculos venit, Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest: quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Luc. 7, 364.—
2 Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under , below , beneath , to , near to , close to , up to , towards , etc.: sub montem succedunt milites, Caes. B. C. 1, 45: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: missi sunt sub muros, Liv. 44, 45: Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21: aedes suas detulit sub Veliam, Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 35: jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci, id. ib. 2, 2, 33: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov. M. 12, 389: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. 3, 5.—
B Of time, denoting a close approximation.
1 Before, towards , about , shortly before , up to , until : Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit, Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so, sub noctem, Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169: sub vesperum, Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42: sub lucem, id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445: sub lumina prima, Hor. S. 2, 7, 33: sub tempus edendi, id. Ep. 1, 16, 22: sub dies festos, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1: sub galli cantum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 10: usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem, Verg. G. 1, 211: simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis, id. ib. 1, 478: prima vel autumni sub frigora, id. ib. 2, 321: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, Liv. 21, 2, 1.—
2 After, immediately after , just after , immediately upon : sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv. 7, 31: sub adventum praetoris, id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, id. 35, 31: sub hoc erus inquit, hereupon , Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—
C In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived: lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium, comes to hand , convenient , Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: sub manus succedere, id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand , convenient , Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1: sub ictum venire, Liv. 27, 18: sub manum annuntiari, Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf. supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144: sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere, id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere, Nep. Milt. 1: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv. 4, 4: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Curt. 3, 8, 2.—
III In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b , d , j , l , n , s , t , v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c , f , g , p , it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob , ad , in , etc. Before some words commencing with c. p , t , it assumes the form sus , by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s , with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—
B In composition, sub denotes,
1 Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—
2 Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —
3 Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little , somewhat , rather , slightly : subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.